浦东新区大学新生焦虑现况及影响因素分析

Anxiety status of freshmen in Pudong New Area and its relationship with future planning and electronic usagetime

目的了解浦东新区高校大一新生焦虑现况及影响因素,分析焦虑与未来规划、电子产品使用时长的关系,为大一新生心理干预提供依据。方法2019年11~12月期间按照学校类别随机抽取浦东新区3所高校,对2682名高校大一新生进行线上自填式问卷调查,采用自制问卷和常用量表,调查学生社会人口学特征、基本信息和健康相关行为、焦虑抑郁现状等。结果共回收有效问卷2288份,占85.3%。单因素分析结果显示,性别、生源地、理想专业、未来规划、电子产品使用时长、健康自评、家庭类型、恋爱经历、抑郁九个因素与焦虑之间存在关联(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,女生、健康自评低分值、抑郁阳性检出者焦虑风险高(P<0.05);与从未计划未来者比,未来跨专业就业、未来跨专业考研焦虑风险高(OR分别为1.153、1.597,P<0.001),未来本专业就业、本专业考研焦虑风险低(OR分别为0.723、0.905,P<0.001);电子产品使用时间超过8 h及以上,焦虑风险越高(OR分别为1.552、1.609,P<0.001)。结论浦东新区高校大一新生焦虑发生率高,影响焦虑的因素众多复杂,未来规划、电子产品使用时长等因素导致焦虑的发生,今后需有针对性制定干预方案以提高大学生心理健康水平。

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of freshmen's anxiety in Pudong New Area,and to analyze the relationship between anxiety and future planning,electronic using time,so as to provide the basis for freshmen's psychological intervention.Methods From November to December in 2019,three universities in Pudong New Area were randomly selected according to the types of schools,and 2682 freshmen were investigated with online self-administered questionnaire.Self-made questionnaires and commonly used scales were used to investigate students'socio demographic characteristics,basic information,health-related behaviors,anxiety and depression status,etc.Results A total of 2288 valid questionnaires were collected,accounting for 85.3%.Univariate analysis showed that gender,source of students,ideal major,future planning,electronic usage time,self-evaluation of health,family type,love experience and depression were associated with anxiety(P<0.05);multivariate analysis showed that female students,those with low score of health self-assessment and positive detection of depression had higher anxiety risk(P<0.05);compared with those who have never planned for the future,the anxiety risk of future interdisciplinary employment and postgraduate entrance examination was higher(OR=1.153,1.597,P<0.001),and the anxiety risk of future employment and postgraduate entrance examination was lower(OR=0.723,0.905,P<0.001);when the electronic usage time was more than 8 hours or more,the risk of anxiety was higher(OR=1.552,1.609,P<0.001).Conclusion The incidence of anxiety of freshmen in Pudong New Area is high,and the influencing factors are numerous and complex.Future planning,electronic usage time and other factors will affect the occurrence of anxiety.In the future,targeted intervention programs should be formulated to improve the mental health level of college students.