普适型GPS用于黄河盐锅峡水位监测分析

Monitoring water level change of the Yellow River by universal GPS receivers

黄河水文变化复杂,现有水位监测方法费时费力且不能很好满足时间分辨率和空间分辨率两个方面的需求.地基GPS-IR技术的出现为水位监测提供了新的手段,但目前大多数地基GPS-IR技术采用的接收机为高精度大地测量型接收机,成本高、时效性差,不适合大范围推广.首先介绍了普适型GPS接收机的组成,并对GPS数据观测质量进行了分析;其次给出了地基GPS-IR技术用于水位监测的基本原理;最后利用黄河盐锅峡GPS实测数据进行GPS-IR水位提取,以兰州水文站水位监测数据为参考分析了普适型GPS接收机反演水位的精度,得到了最佳RMSE为0.21 m的精度.实验结果表明,普适型GPS接收机可用于长时间水位监测.

The hydrological changes of the Yellow River are complex,and the existing water level monitoring meth-ods are time-consuming and laborious and cannot well meet the requirements of both time resolution and spatial res-olution.The emergence of ground-based GPS-IR technology provides a new approach for water level monitoring,but the receivers currently used in most ground-based GPS-IR technologies are high-precision geodetic receivers,which are costly and weak in timeliness thus are not suitable for wide application.This article first introduces the composi-tion of the universal GPS receiver and analyzes the quality of GPS observation data,then gives out the basic princi-ple of ground-based GPS-IR technology for water level monitoring.Finally,the GPS-IR water level data are extracted from GPS data measured by the Yellow River Yanguo Gorge,which are then compared with the water level monito-ring data of Lanzhou Hydrometric Station.The experimental results show that the water levels retrieved by universal GPS receiver are accurate with the best RMSE being 0.21 m,verifying the applicability of universal GPS receiver for long-term water level monitoring.