明清陕西蒙学建筑文化研究

Study on the Culture of Shaanxi Elementary Educational Architecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清陕西的蒙学教育位居全国较发达水平,蒙学也代表了当时陕西教育的最高成就。蒙学建筑在选址和空间布局上有较为鲜明的地域特征。蒙学建筑受关学、农耕文化、隐逸文化等影响,表现出质朴实用、适宜简淡的鲜明文化特色。蒙学建筑一方面以关学为灵魂,内敛、实用、质朴,建筑的形体材料与人的生活生产和谐相伴;另一方面又受隐逸文化影响,以适意简淡的风格与关学互为表里。深挖以关学为灵魂、以隐逸文化为表征的蒙学建筑文化内涵对于彰显关学的时代精神,传承陕西地域建筑文化的优秀内核,推动传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展都具有重要意义。

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the elementary education in Shaanxi was at a relatively developed level in China,which also represented the highest achievement of Shaanxi education.The location and spatial layout of elementary architectures have distinct regional characteristics.Influenced by Guanxue,farming culture and seclusion culture,the elementary educational architectures show the distinctive cultural characteristics of simple and practical,suitable.On the one hand,the elementary educational architectures take Guanxue as the soul,low-key,introverted and simple;On the other hand,influenced by the reclusive culture,it shows a simple and comfortable style.It is of great significance to dig into the architectural culture connotation of elementary educational architectures with Guanxue as the soul and seclusion culture as the representation,to highlight the spirit of the times,to inherit the excellent core of Shaanxi regional architectural culture,and to promote the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture.