沟垄集雨系统垄宽对玉米水分和养分利用效率的影响

Effect of Ridge Width on Maize Water and Nutrient use Efficiency Under Ridge-furrow Rainfall Harvesting Planting Mode

为探索沟垄集雨模式下不同垄宽对玉米产量及水分和养分利用效率的影响,2019-2020年采用垄沟集雨种植方式,以传统平作(垄宽60 cm)为对照,研究3种沟垄比对玉米叶面积指数、地上生物量、水分利用效率、养分利用效率和产量的影响。研究结果表明垄沟集雨种植方式下,采用60 cm∶60 cm沟垄比,两年平均叶面积指数最大,为2.9,较对照增加42.16%;产量最高,为13.13 t/hm^(2),较对照增加26.37%;水分利用效率最高,为27.15 kg/(hm^(2)·mm),较对照增加42.37%;养分利用效率最高,为N:7.55 kg/kg;P:48.49 kg/kg;K:4.66 kg/kg,分别较对照增加177.57%,142.69%,59.58%。在华北地区,垄沟集雨种植方式下,垄沟比60 cm∶60 cm,能够促进玉米增产和水肥高效利用。

In order to explore the effect of different ridge width on maize water and nutrient use efficiency under ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting planting mode,during 2019-2020,the effects of furrow and ridge ratio on leaf area index(LAI),aboveground biomass,water use efficiency(WUE),nutrient use efficiency(NUE)and yield of maize were studied with traditional plain cropping(ridge width 60 cm)mode as control.The results showed that the furrow and ridge ratio of 60 cm to 60 cm had the maximum leaf area index(LAI)of 2.9,which was42.16%higher than that of the control;the highest yield was 13.13 t/hm^(2),which was 26.37%higher than that of the control;the water use efficiency(WUE)was the highest,which was 27.15 kg/(hm^(2)·mm),increased by 42.37%compared with the control;the nutrient use efficiency was the highest,which was N of 7.55 kg/kg,P of 48.49 kg/kg,and K of 4.66 kg/kg,and 177.57%,142.69%,59.58%higher than the control,respectively.Therefore,In North China,the ratio of ridge and furrow for rainfall harvesting planting mode of 60 cm to 60 cm can promote maize yield increase and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer.