离子型稀土矿削减氨氮污染问题的对策

Countermeasures for reducing ammonia nitrogen pollution in Ionic rare Earth Ore

离子型稀土矿是我国较为特殊的一类矿床类型,其形成与所处的地理纬度和气候息息相关。由于开采技术门槛不高,在当时国家政策的引导下,曾形成一波开采热潮。开采工艺经历了“池浸”、“堆浸”、“原地浸矿”工艺,浸矿体系也从钠盐浸矿逐渐转变为铵盐浸矿,伴随着四十多年稀土资源的开发利用,氨氮污染问题变得越来越突出。根据离子型稀土矿氨氮形成的特点,通过源头改变浸矿体系、建立防控体系、末端处置以及生态修复等手段,不断削减氨氮污染,为赣南离子型稀土矿的环境问题提供几点治理思路。

Ion type rare earth deposit is a special type of deposit in China.Its formation is closely related to its geographical latitude and climate.Due to the low threshold of mining technology,a wave of mining boom was formed under the guidance of national policies at that time.The mining technology has experienced"pool leaching","heap leaching"and"in-situ leaching".The leaching system has gradually changed from sodium salt leaching to ammonium salt leaching.With the development and utilization of rare earth resources for more than 40 years,the problem of ammonia nitrogen pollution has become more and more prominent.According to the characteristics of the formation of ammonia nitrogen in ion type rare earth ore,the pollution of ammonia nitrogen is continuously reduced by changing the leaching system at the source,establishing the prevention and control system,end treatment measures and abandoned mine treatment,so as to provide some treatment ideas for the environmental problems of ion type rare earth ore in southern Jiangxi.