婴幼儿配方食品及婴幼儿辅助食品中呋喃污染特征及膳食暴露概率评估

Contamination characteristics and probabilistic risk assessment of furan in infant formula and supplementary food

目的了解我国市售婴幼儿配方食品及婴幼儿辅助食品中呋喃污染特征,并对其健康风险进行评估。方法基于方便抽样法,于2017—2018年在北京市、浙江省、山东省和四川省采集260份市售婴幼儿配方食品及婴幼儿辅助食品,采用同位素稀释-顶空气相色谱-质谱法测定呋喃的含量,结合2015年婴幼儿食品消费量调查数据,通过概率评估方法,对0~36月龄婴幼儿人群呋喃膳食暴露开展风险评估。结果婴幼儿配方食品及婴幼儿辅助食品中呋喃检出率为90.32%~100.00%,平均污染水平为4.05~46.26μg/kg。其中,肉泥中呋喃平均污染水平最高(46.26μg/kg),其次是菜泥(41.31μg/kg),最低为婴幼儿配方乳粉(4.05μg/kg)。0~36月龄婴幼儿人群呋喃每日平均暴露量为21.95 ng/kg BW,按0~6、7~12和13~36月龄进行分组分析,其中7~12月龄婴幼儿人群呋喃暴露量最高。对于呋喃非致癌效应的风险,各月龄组暴露边界(MOE)值范围为651~3 936;对于呋喃致癌风险,各月龄组MOE值范围为13 322~80 566。结论 0~36月龄婴幼儿人群由婴幼儿配方食品及婴幼儿辅助食品中呋喃膳食暴露导致的健康风险可能性较低。

Objective To explore the contamination characteristics of furan in commercially infant formula and supplementary food and assess the health risk of furan exposure among Chinese infant population. Methods Based on the convenience sampling method, 260 commercial infant formula and supplementary food were collected in Beijing, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Sichuan from 2017 to 2018. Furan was determined by isotope dilution headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Probabilistic assessment method was adopted to assess the risk of furan exposure in infants aged 0 to 36 months from 2015 infant food consumption survey data. Results The detection rate of furan in infant formula and supplementary food was 90.32%-100.00%, and the average contamination level was 4.05-46.26 μg/kg. The average contamination level of furan in meat puree was the highest(46.26 μg/kg), followed by vegetable puree(41.31 μg/kg), and the lowest was infant formula(4.05 μg/kg). The average exposure of furan in infants aged 0-36 months was 21.95 ng/kg BW. Infants aged 0-36 months were divided into three groups: 0-6 months, 7-12 months and 13-36 months. The exposure of furan was the highest in infants aged 7-12 months. Considering non-neoplastic effects of furan, the range of margin of exposure(MOE) value for each group was 651-3 936. Considering neoplastic effects of furan, the range of MOE value for each group was 13 322-80 566. Conclusion For the infants aged 0-36 months and high consumers, the health risk of furan exposure from infant formula and supplementary food was of low concern.