3种水质调控方式下参池沉积物—水界面N、P通量的研究

N and P Fluxes in Sediment-Water Interface of Sea Cucumber Ponds Exposed to Three Water Quality Control Methods

为探究不同水质调控方式下仿刺参池塘沉积物—水界面N、P营养盐物质交换,采用沉积物—水界面N、P营养盐扩散通量室内培养法,研究2015年10月至2016年9月位于庄河市海参养殖基地的自然纳潮、微孔曝气(空压机0.1 kW/667 m^(2))和养水机(750 kW/h)3种不同水质调控技术下605 m×85 m参池沉积物—水界面N、P通量。试验结果显示,自然纳潮和微孔曝气池塘的NOx-通量的变化为-36.0~10.8、-12.0~7.8 mg/(m^(2)·d),且在3月、7月和8月产生了负通量,通量值于7月分别达到了全年最低[-36.0、-12.0 mg/(m^(2)·d)],而养水机池塘全年均为正值且变化为0.6~5.4 mg/(m^(2)·d);自然纳潮池塘、微孔曝气池塘NH4+通量变化为-102.6~71.4、-90.6~78.0 mg/(m^(2)·d),在7、8月均为负值,而养水机池塘全年均为正值且变化为5.4~81.6 mg/(m^(2)·d);3种参池PO43-通量全年均为正值且于7、8月达到最大,变化为自然纳潮池塘18.6~76.2 mg/(m^(2)·d)、微孔曝气池塘30.0~73.2 mg/(m^(2)·d)、养水机池塘29.4~50.4 mg/(m^(2)·d);养水机池塘沉积物—水界面N、P通量极差较另两池塘均最小。试验结果表明,养水机的作用有助于池底形成稳定氧化环境,有利于池底N、P物质释放。

In order to explore the exchange of N and P nutrients in the sediment-water interface of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus ponds(605 m×85 m)under different water quality control methods,the diffusion flux of N and P nutrients in the sediment-water interface was investigated in water samples collected from the deepest part of the pond 3—5 days before the water change of each pond every month in sea cucumber ponds of Dalian Baofahai Treasures Co.,Ltd.in Zhuanghe City(N 39.7866°,E 123.3208°),Liaoning province,under three water quality control methods:natural pond without any aeration system,microporous aeration(air compressor with 0.1 kw/667 m^(2))and water quality regulator(750 kW/h).It was found that there were variation in NOx-flux range of-36.0—10.8 mg/(m^(2)·d)in natural pond without any aeration system and-12.0—7.8 mg/(m^(2)·d)in microporous aeration ponds,negative flux in March,July and August,with the minimal flux value in July[-36.0,-12.0 mg/(m^(2)·d)],and positive[0.6—5.4 mg/(m^(2)·d)]throughout the year in the pond with the water quality regulator.Natural NH4+fluxes were ranged from-102.6 mg/(m^(2)·d)to 71.4 mg/(m^(2)·d)in natural pond without any aeration system ponds and-90.6—78.0 mg/(m^(2)·d)in bottom aeration aerators,with negative in July and August.However,positive flux was observed in the water quality regulator pond throughout the year,with the change range from 5.4 mg/(m^(2)·d)to 81.6 mg/(m^(2)·d).The PO43-flux was found to be positive throughout the year in the three sea cucumber ponds,with the maximum in July and August,with a variation of 8.6—76.2 mg/(m^(2)·d)in natural tidal ponds,30.0—73.2 mg/(m^(2)·d)in microporous aeration ponds,and 29.4—50.4 mg/(m^(2)·d)in water quality regulator pond.The N and P flux differences in sediment-water interface were very small in the pond with the water quality regulator compared to the other two ponds.The findings indicated that the water quality regulator contributed to the formation of a stable oxidizing environment at bottom of the ponds and was conducive to release of N and P substances at bottom of the ponds.