中空膜无小梁太阳能水产温室温度场研究与分析

Thermal Field Analysis of Trabeculeless Solar Aquaculture Greenhouse with Hollow Membrane

目前我国尚未见关于水产养殖专用温室的相关报道,现有养殖温室多借鉴种植温室。为解决现有温室内部昼夜温差大、气(水)温差大、白天操作环境气温高和太阳能利用低的问题,笔者设计了一种水产养殖用中空膜无小梁太阳能温室。采用计算流体力学模拟和现场实测方法,研究与分析温室内部小气候温度变化、热量分布及室内外热交换规律。试验结果表明,温室内不同高度水平面,东西向、南北向垂直面,以及墙体中空膜内部温度场分布不均。不同水平面上均为北高南低。东西向:日出后东部升温快、温度高,为主要热源,在0、1、2、3 m不同高度分别在12:00、14:00、13:00、13:00温度达到最高值48.9、49.7、45.8、56.2℃,之后西部热量输入增多,温度下降较东部慢,西部成为主要热源。垂直方向:白天顶部升温最快、温度最高,为主要热源,夜晚底部温度最高,土壤热辐射为主要热源,温度场趋向均匀,各点温差减小到1℃以内。基于本研究结果和典型墙体热量输入、输出分析,采取加强北墙保温、高温点热量采收和气(水)换热措施,能有效提高太阳能利用率和降低操作环境温度。

Most greenhouses used in aquaculture are based on agricultural greenhouses,causing major problems such as significant difference in temperature between day and night,between air and water,and high temperature in greenhouses.In order to solve these problems,trabeculeless solar aquaculture greenhouse with hollow membrane was designed and constructed in this study.Methods including the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation and field measurement were used to analyze the internal heat distribution and internal and external heat exchange in the greenhouse.The results showed that the thermal fields in the horizontal planes at different heights,in the east-west,north-south vertical planes,and inside the wall were unevenly distributed.In the horizontal,temperature in the north was higher than that in the south,showing that the top was the main heat source.In the east-west thermal field,the temperature in the east rose more rapidly than in the west,indicating that the east was the main heat source.The temperature reached the highest values on 48.9℃at 0:00,49.7℃at 14:00,45.8℃at 13:00,and 56.2℃at 13:00.After that,the heat input in the west was increased,and the temperature in the west was dropped more slowly than in the east.At night,the temperature variation between different locations was within 1℃.In the vertical,the temperature in the top was increased fastest and highest which showed that the top location was the main heat source during the daytime.Meanwhile,the thermal field was even at night and the soil heat radiation was the main heat source.In general,it can be deduced that the north wall insulation and air-water heat transfer are two factors affecting the greenhouse heat storage capacity.