轻稀土矿环境风险评估及污染治理研究进展

Research Progress in Environmental Risk Assessment and Pollution Control of Light Rare Earth Mines

本文以内蒙古包头市白云鄂博轻稀土矿山为研究对象,针对露天开采导致的环境问题、环境风险评估和轻稀土污染治理进行综合评判,研究内容包括:轻稀土矿露天开采工艺对生态环境的影响;轻稀土冶炼工艺中酸法、碱法和绿色冶炼分离工艺优缺点;轻稀土修复治理技术措施的物理修复技术、化学修复技术和生物修复技术的方法,其中又详述了遥感(RS)、物理模型法等多种新兴技术治理污染的评价方法和特点。通过研究轻稀土矿的开采工艺、冶炼工艺造成不同的环境污染特征,探讨不同治理技术措施对污染修复的优缺点尤显迫切和必要,本研究以期为轻稀土矿区的生态修复提供科学理论方法。

This paper comprehensively evaluates the environmental problems and risks caused by the light rare earth ore mining in Bayan Obo, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia, and discusses the control measures. The research includes: the impact of the open-pit mining process of light rare earth ore on ecological environment;the advantages and disadvantages of the acid, alkali and green smelting separation processes in the light rare earth smelting course;the physical, chemical and biological technologies for light rare earth remediation, especially details on remote sensing(RS) and physical model method. Based on researches of environmental pollution characteristics caused by mining and smelting of light rare earth ore, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various control measures for pollution, hoping to provide scientific theoretical methods for the ecological remediation of light rare earth mine.