乾隆年间辟展同知设置考

The Establishment of Pijan Tongzhi(Deputy of the Magistrate)during the Reign of Emperor Qianlong

文章利用满汉档案资料就清代各种文献有关辟展同知设立时间进行了综合讨论,指出文献中乾隆三十六年以前出现之辟展同知实为清朝由内地临时派遣辟展专办粮饷、粮务之“管粮同知”,亦无辟展专属印信。至乾隆三十六年,陕甘总督明山因辟展地处交通咽喉,政务殷繁,始奏准设立辟展实缺同知,次年铸给专属印信。辟展同知的设立意义,实为日后吐鲁番改土归流的实施创设了必不可缺少的先决条件。

This paper,based on Manchu and Chinese archives,discusses the time of the establishment of Tongzhi(deputy of the magistrate).All the historical records indicate that Pijan Tongzhi before 1771 was a provisional appointment,dealing with provisions and funds for troops,but without an official seal.In 1771,Mingshan,governor of Shaanxi and Gansu,advised to establish the real position of Tongzhi in Pijan,because of it's strategic traffic position and heavy governance.The exclusive seal was cast the next year.The significance of the establishment of Pijan Tongzhi lies in the essential prerequisite for the later bureaucratization of native officers in Turpan area.