生物质炭基肥对旱塬区苹果叶片营养和果实品质的影响

Effects of biochar fertilizer on leaf nutrition and fruit quality of the apple in semi-arid regions

【目的】研究生物质炭基肥不同施用量对旱塬区苹果生长发育的影响,为黄土高原半干旱苹果产区合理施肥提供依据.【方法】选择树龄10 a寒富苹果为试验材料,设置1050 g/株(T_(1))、1500 g/株(T_(2))、1950 g/株(T_(3))、2400 g/株(T_(4))4个生物质炭基肥施肥梯度和不施肥(T_(5))、常规施肥量(T_(6))两个对照处理,测定分析苹果树体生长、叶片营养和果实品质等指标.【结果】T_(3)的平均单果质量显著高于其他处理,比T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(4)、T_(5)、T_(6)分别提高了25.50%、12.94%、14.44%、30.75%、15.08%;T_(3)的产量为28.62 t/hm^(2),显著高于其他处理,分别比T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(4)、T_(5)、T_(6)提高了76.34%、27.71%、32.13%、113.90%、44.40%.T_(3)叶片N含量比T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(4)、T_(5)、T_(6)提高了7.56%、3.45%、0.48%、16.19%、14.22%,其中与T_(1)、T_(5)、T_(6)差异显著;T_(3)的P含量比T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(5)、T_(6)显著提高了22.36%、6.74%,、32.60%、15.33%,T_(3)处理的K含量比T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(4)、T_(5)、T_(6)分别显著提高了14.92%、11.19%、3.93%、19.40%、11.19%.T_(4)的VC含量比T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(5)、T_(6)分别显著提高了22.86%、12.77%、8.88%、32.40%、18.81%;T_(4)的可溶性糖含量比T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(5)、T_(6)分别显著提高了19.24%、26.49%、29.60%、41.04%、17.32%.果实硬度、果形指数、叶片厚度和叶片Ca含量各处理间差异不显著.【结论】苹果园土施生物质炭基肥有利于树体生长和果实品质提高;施用量1950 g/株效果最好.

【Objective】The effect of different application amount of biochar-fertilizer on apple tree growth in semiarid regions was studied,to provide scientific evidence for reasonable fertilization in semi-arid areas on the Loess Plateau where apple trees were grown.【Method】Ten-years-old trees of apple cultivar Hanfu were employed,and fertilized with biochar fertilizer at four levels:1050 g/plant(T_(1)),1500 g/plant(T_(2)),1950 g/plant(T_(3)),2400 g/plant(T_(4)),and with two control treatments:no fertilization(T_(5))and conventional fertilization(T_(6)).The indicators of the apple tree growth,leaf nutrition and fruit quality were measured and analyzed.【Result】The mean weight of single fruit of T_(3)was significantly higher than that of other treatments,and it increased by 25.50%,12.94%,14.44%,30.75%and 15.08%,respectively,compared with T_(1),T_(2),T_(4),T_(5)and T_(6).The yield of T_(3)was 28.62 t/hm^(2),which was 76.34%,27.71%,32.13%,113.90%and 44.40%higher,respectively,than T_(1),T_(2),T_(4),T_(5)and T_(6).The N content in leaves of T_(3)was significantly increased by 16.19%and 14.22%compared with T_(5)and T_(6),and by 7.56%,3.45%,0.48%compared with T_(1),T_(2),and T_(4).The N content of T_(3)did not differ significantly with T_(1),but differed significantly with T_(2)and T_(4).The P content of T_(3)was 22.36%,32.60%and 15.33%higher,respectively,than T_(1),T_(5)and T_(6),and 6.74%higher than T_(2),which was not statistically significant.The K content of T_(3)was 14.92%,11.19%,3.93%,19.40%,11.19%greater,respectively,than T_(1),T_(2),T_(4),T_(5)and T_(6),and each of the differences were significant statistically.The VC content of T_(4)was 22.86%,12.77%,8.88%,32.40%and 18.81%higher,and its soluble sugar content was 19.24%,26.49%,29.60%,41.04%and 17.32%higher,respectively,than that of T_(1),T_(2),T_(3),T_(5)and T_(6),and each of the differences was significant statistically.There was no significant difference found among treatments in fruit hardness,fruit shape index,leaf thickness and leaf Ca content.【Conclusion】It was showed that the application of biochar fertilizer in apple cultivation was beneficial to its growth and fruit quality,and the treatment of fertilization(i.e.1950 g/plant)was the best.