对行开沟分层深施肥铲的设计与试验

Design and experiment of deep fertilizing shovel for furrow and layering

【目的】针对当前施肥方式不科学、深施肥开沟阻力大、肥料分层覆盖效果不理想、不同深度肥料施用量不可调等问题,研制一种对行开沟分层深施肥铲,利用卫星导航拖拉机自动驾驶技术,实现对行分层深施肥的作业模式,达到提高肥料利用率,促进作物生长与增产.【方法】对对行开沟分层深施肥铲的结构进行设计,理论分析开沟铲的受力情况,利用EDEM仿真软件和田间验证试验对肥料分层深施效果进行分析,并进行玉米对行分层深施基肥的田间对比试验,比较不同施肥模式下玉米的生长状态和产量.【结果】通过仿真和试验分析,对行开沟分层施肥铲作业性能稳定,肥料分层深施的深度稳定性较好,施肥深度仿真值与试验值接近,分层施肥模式对玉米的生长有积极地促进作用.【结论】田间对比试验表明,本试验设计的施肥铲肥料分层效果和施肥深度一致性较好,浅层施肥平均深度为11.8 cm,深层施肥平均深度为19.5 cm.相对传统肥料撒施深翻模式,利用精准对行分层施肥技术对玉米的生长具有明显的促进作用,平均单株质量增加3%,单产增加8.74%.

【Objective】In view of the problems such as unscientific fertilization method,high resistance in furrow opening and poor effect of fertilizer layered covering,a furrow and deep fertilization shovel was developed,and the automatic driving technology of satellite navigation tractor was used to realize the operation mode of layered deep fertilization for rows,so as to improve fertilizer utilization rate and promote crop growth and increase production.【Method】The structure of furrow and layered deep fertilizing shovel was designed,and the mechanical condition of ditching shovel was analyzed theoretically.The effect of deep application of fertilizer was analyzed by EDEM simulation software and field verification test.The field comparative test of deep application of base fertilizer by row and row was carried out to compare the growth status and yield of maize under different fertilization modes.【Result】Through the simulation and experimental analysis,the performance of furrow and layered fertilization shovel operation is stable,the depth stability of fertilizer layered deep application is better,the simulation value of fertilization depth is close to the experimental value,and the layered fertilization mode has a positive role in promoting the growth of maize.【Conclusion】Field experiments showed that the effect of fertilizer stratification was consistent with the depth of fertilization.The average depth of shallow fertilization was 11.8 cm,and the average depth of deep fertilization was 19.5 cm.Compared with the traditional pattern of deep ploughing,the application of precise row and layer fertilization technology can significantly promote the growth of maize,with an average plant weight of 3%and a yield increase of 8.74%.