日本新保守主义的历史演变

The Historical Evolution of Japanese Neoconservatism

“新保守主义”是几近同时发轫于日美英等发达资本主义国家的一股政治思潮。就日本而言,中曾根康弘、小泽一郎、安倍晋三三位政治强人,不但先后扮演了日本新保守主义的“奠基人”、“理论旗手”、“践行者”等关键角色,而且在日本政治右倾化中次第发挥了“启动”、“推进”、“提速”等重要作用。中曾根康弘的新保守主义不但提出“战后政治总决算”口号,而且内含“修宪”政治诉求;小泽一郎的新保守主义不但从核心内容和运作模式入手进行了“保守两党制”顶层制度设计,而且从基本涵义和政策架构视角阐释了“普通国家论”政治理念;安倍晋三的新保守主义不但以错误历史观为思想基础、以“修宪”为政治夙愿,而且以“美丽的国家”为目标追求。日本新保守主义及其启动的政治右倾化对40年来日本政局走向和东亚格局变化所产生的深远影响,值得关注和研究。

“Neoconservatism” is a political ideology that almost simultaneously originated in Japan, the United States, Britain and other developed capitalist countries. As far as Japan is concerned, Yasuhiro Nakasone, Ichiro Ozawa and Shinzo Abe have not only played the key roles of “founder”, “theoretical standard-bearer” and “practitioner” of Japanese Neoconservatism, but also played the important roles of “initiation”, “promotion” and “acceleration” in Japan’s political right deviation. Nakasone Yasuhiro’s Neoconservatism not only puts forward the slogan of “Post-war Political Final Accounts”, but also contains the political appeal of “Amending the Constitution”. Ozawa’s Neoconservatism not only designs the top-level system of “Conservative Two-party System” from the core content and operation mode, but also interprets the political idea of “Ordinary State Theory” from the perspective of basic meaning and policy framework. Abe’s neoconservatism not only takes the wrong historical view as its ideological basis, takes “Amending the Constitution” as its long cherished political wish, but also takes “Beautiful Country” as its goal. The profound and far-reaching influence of Japanese Neoconservatism and its political right deviation on the trend of Japan’s political situation and the change of East Asian pattern in the past 40 years is worthy of attention and study.