马铃薯芽前除草剂的筛选

Screening of Pre-emergence Herbicide Applied to Potato Fields

马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)生产上,常因选择除草剂种类不当及使用技术不合理,造成马铃薯药害和杂草防效低下时常发生。为探讨适宜鄂北平原地区马铃薯安全高效芽前除草剂,研究了6种除草剂对马铃薯安全性、田间杂草防治及增产效果。除45%异松·乙草胺乳油1.5 L/hm^(2)出现轻微药害外,其他药剂相对安全。不同的除草剂均可以有效地控制田间杂草,增加马铃薯产量,其中33%二甲戊灵乳油2.25 L/hm^(2)、45%异松·乙草胺乳油1.5 L/hm^(2)、48%氟乐灵乳油1.5 L/hm^(2)、39%甲戊·噁草酮悬浮剂2.25 L/hm^(2)对田间杂草株防效和鲜重防效均在90%以上,较对照清水喷施处理增产9.7%~11.3%。综合考虑安全性、防效、产量等指标,初步筛选出33%二甲戊灵乳油、48%氟乐灵乳油、39%甲戊·噁草酮悬浮剂3种安全高效芽前除草剂。

In potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)production,improper selection of herbicides and unreasonable use of technology often cause potato damage and reduce weed control effect.In order to explore the safe and efficient pre-emergence herbicides for potato production in north Hubei plain area,the effects of six herbicides on potato safety,weed control and yield were studied.Except 45%Command-Acetochlor EC 1.5 L/ha,others were relatively safe for potato plants.All the herbicides tested could effectively control weeds and increase potato yield,of which the control effect of 33%Pendimethalin EC 2.25 L/ha,45%Command-Acetochlor EC 1.5 L/ha,48%Trifluralin EC 1.5 L/ha and 39%Pendimethalin-Oxadiazon SC 2.25 L/ha on weed plant and fresh weight were above 90%,and the yield increased by 9.7%to 11.3%compared with the control(water spraying).Considering safety,control effect and yield,three safe and effective pre-emergence herbicides,33%Pendimethalin EC,48%Trifluralin EC and 39%Pendimethalin-Oxadiazon SC,were preliminarily screened out.