NH4^(+)-N:NO_(3)^(-)-N对马铃薯品种‘冀张薯12’生长及糖类含量的影响

Effects of NH4^(+)-N:NO_(3)^(-)-N on Growth and Carbonhydrate Contents of Potato Variety'Jizhangshu 12'

将马铃薯品种‘冀张薯12’种植在填充了蛭石与珍珠岩(v:v=5:1)的套盆中,采用不同比例的NH4^(+)-N:NO_(3)^(-)-N(3:7、4:6、5:5、6:4和7:3)进行浇灌,通过研究不同时间马铃薯生长及糖类含量的变化,筛选合适比例用于马铃薯生产,明确氮素形态的作用,为今后合理施肥提供参考。结果表明,同一时期随NH4^(+)-N:NO_(3)^(-)-N比例增加,马铃薯株高、株幅和叶片数增加,叶片中葡萄糖、蔗糖和淀粉积累增多,7:3时均最大;同一时期随NH4^(+)-N:NO_(3)^(-)-N比例降低,匍匐茎数量增加,块茎膨大提前,内部葡萄糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量提高,3:7时均最高;随植株生长,所有处理下叶片中糖类含量均呈先增加后下降的趋势,块茎中糖类含量呈逐渐增加的趋势。NH4^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N分别促进地上部和地下部生长,比值为3:7时对块茎形成及其内部葡萄糖、蔗糖和淀粉积累有促进作用。

The optimal ratio of NH4^(+)-N:NO_(3)^(-)-N was selected and the effect of nitrogen forms on potato was studied in this research in order to improve potato production and to optimize fertilization in the future.Potato variety'Jizhangshu 12'in pots with vermiculite and perlite(v:v=5:1)was irrigated with the solutions of different ratios of NH4^(+)-N:NO_(3)^(-)-N(3:7,4:6,5:5,6:4and7:3).The height and width of plants,the number of leaves and stolons,and the contents of glucose,sucrose and starch were measured at different stages during plant growth.With increases of the ratio of NH4^(+)-N:NO_(3)^(-)-N,the height and width of the plant as well as the number of leaves increased at the same stage.The content of glucose,sucrose and starch in leaves also increased.The indexes were the highest at the ratio of 7:3 of NH4^(+)-N:NO_(3)^(-)-N.With decrease of the ratio of NH4^(+)-N:NO_(3)^(-)-N,the stolon number increased and tuber initiation was advanced.Meanwhile,the content of glucose,sucrose and starch in tubers raised at the same stage.The indexes were the highest at the ratio of 3:7.With the plant growth,the contents of glucose,sucrose and starch in leaves firstly increased,then decreased under all the treatments.Those in tubers gradually increased.NH4^(+)-N promotes the growth of aboveground part,while NO3^(-)-N promotes the growth of underground part.The 3:7 of NH4^(+)-N:NO3^(-)-N benefits the tuber initiation and accumulation of glucose,sucrose and starch in tubers.