马铃薯疮痂病抗病资源鉴定和药剂筛选

Identification and Chemicals Screening of Potato Common Scab Resistance Resources

马铃薯疮痂病是由致病链霉菌引起的土传性和种传性病害,在世界各地的马铃薯种植区广泛发生。该病主要破坏马铃薯薯块表皮,降低马铃薯的经济价值。目前在中国马铃薯疮痂病抗病品种缺乏的情况下,药剂处理还是田间防治该病的主要措施。试验采用五氯硝基苯和噻唑锌2种药剂分别处理带疮痂病病原的蛭石,以未处理的蛭石为对照。结果表明,对感病的‘华薯3号’品种,2019年上半年五氯硝基苯对疮痂病的防效为42.73%,噻唑锌对疮痂病的防效为31.41%。2019年下半年五氯硝基苯防效为57.48%,噻唑锌防效为87.16%。目前的生产中尚不具有高抗疮痂病的马铃薯品种,抗性资源试验中,将健康的马铃薯资源材料种植于带疮痂病的蛭石中,结果表明,在试验的华薯系列品种中,‘华薯5号’和‘华薯11号’相较其他品种,疮痂病抗性较好;试验具有野生种Solanum chacoense血缘的材料中,CH524-8和M6对疮痂病具有较高的抗性。

Potato common scab,caused by pathogenic Streptomyces,is a soil-borne and seed-borne disease that spreads widely in potato growing areas all over the world.It mainly destroys potato skin and decreases its economic value.Up to now,chemical treatment is the main method to control potato common scab in the field,due to a lack of common scab resistance resources in China.In this study,pentachloronitrobenzene and zinc thiazole were used to treat vermiculite with pathogenic Streptomyces and the non-treated vermiculite were used as control.The results indicated that the control efficacy of pentachloronitrobenzene on common scab was 42.73%for susceptible variety'Huashu 3'and that of zinc thiazole on common scab was 31.41%in the first half of 2019,while the control efficacy of pentachloronitrobenzene was 57.48%and that of zinc thiazole was 87.16%in the second half of 2019.At present,the main problem is that there are no potato varieties with high resistance to common scab.The healthy potato materials were planted in vermiculite with pathogenic Streptomyces to screen potato common scab resistance resources.The results showed that potato'Huashu 5'and'Huashu 11'had better resistance to common scab compared to other tested Huashu series. CH524-8 and M6 showed high resistance to potato common scab among the wild Solanumchacoense materials.