古代龟背纹造型演变及其文化映射关系

On the evolution of ancient turtle back pattern and its mapping relationship with turtle culture

龟背纹在本土的发展与龟文化的褒贬变化有着不可分割的关系。文章借助出土文物、纺织品、石窟壁画和相关文献,提炼出各个朝代特有的龟背纹造型,再从历时性和共时性的角度探寻龟背纹在中国流变的来踪去迹及其与龟文化发展的契合点,为龟背纹的艺术形式提供新的理论依据。分析表明:中国早期的龟崇拜为龟背纹在本土的传播奠定了基础,故在汉代的陆上丝绸之路中传入的龟背纹能被大众接受并广为流传,宋代的龟崇拜普及到民间,并创新出用多层轮廓线制造套叠式本土龟背纹,但元明两代的"龟患"思想导致龟背纹逐渐沦为辅助纹样。

The local development of turtle back pattern has an indivisible relation with the positive and negative change of turtle culture.In virtue of the unearthed cultural relics,textiles,cave murals and related documents,this paper refined the unique turtle back pattern of each dynasty,and then explored the evolution of turtle back pattern in China and its coherence with the development of turtle culture from the diachronic and synchronic perspectives,thereby offering a novel theoretical basis for the art form of turtle back pattern.The analysis showed that the preliminary tortoise worship in China laid the foundation for the circulation of turtle back pattern in China,resulting in the widespread acceptance of the turtle back pattern by the public during its introduction along the Silk Road in Han dynasty.With the popularization of turtle worship in Song dynasty among the folk,the multi-layer contour line was innovated to create the local turtle back pattern.However,the turtle back pattern gradually became an auxiliary pattern due to the"plagued turtle"thought in Yuan and Ming dynasties.