民丰尼雅遗址出土蜡染棉布边饰纹样“鱼龙纹”的界定

A Study on the ichthyosaur patterns emblazoned on the furbelow of batik cotton fabric excavated from Niya ruins in Minfeng county

尼雅出土东汉蜡染棉布是中国境内发现的最早的蜡染棉布,下方的边饰纹样通常被认为是鱼龙纹或龙纹。这种定性较为模糊,仍有待进一步的深入研究。文章从鱼龙纹和龙纹的形态演变入手,采用史料分析、比较研究等方法,在鳍、腹、足、爪、鳞、长宽比例、文化特征等各个方面对该纹样进行了深入探讨和形态分析。研究认为:该纹样并非中国传统的龙纹或鱼龙纹,可能是来自犍陀罗文明的某种植物或其他类型纹样。

The batik cotton fabric of Eastern Han dynasty excavated from Niya ruins is deemed as the earliest batik cotton unearthed in China,where there are furbelow patterns on the bottom,generally deemed as ichthyosaur patterns or dragon patterns.Such indistinct definition needs further in-depth study.Starting from the morphological evolution of ichthyosaur patterns and dragon patterns,this paper conducted in-depth discussion and analyzed its morphology from aspects of the fin,abdomen,foot,claw,scale,ratio of length to width,and cultural characteristics through historical data analysis and comparative study.It is believed that such patterns,rather than traditional dragon patterns or ichthyosaur patterns in China,are possibly the patterns of specific plant or other patterns from Gandharan civilization.