耳和听力保健常识知晓率的调查研究

Investigation on the Awareness Rate of Basic Knowledge of Ear and Hearing Care

目的了解民众对耳和听力保健常识的认知程度,为制订针对性的健康教育计划提供依据。方法采用以世界卫生组织资料为基础设计的“耳和听力保健常识问卷”,以发放调查问卷和扫描二维码回答问卷的方式对在南京市和宿迁市的不同医疗机构工作、就诊、陪诊、体检和其它活动的15岁以上的6765例自愿答卷人员进行问卷调查。结果本次调查共收回有效问卷6765份,调查人群耳和听力保健常识总知晓率为77.7%。女性知晓率高于男性,差异有统计学意义;不同年龄组、职业、文化程度人群的知晓率差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05);40~49岁组知晓率最高,随着年龄增长,知晓率逐渐下降;医务工作者知晓率最高,农民最低;大学本科及以上学历者知晓率最高,小学学历者最低;南京市和宿迁市受调查人群的知晓率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论南京市和宿迁市受调查民众对耳和听力保健已有一定认知度,但分布不均衡,应针对不同群体加强多样化的精准宣教,尤其要关注老年人和注重农村及基层的宣教工作。

Objective To investigate the awareness rate of basic knowledge on ear and hearing care(EHC)in certain population in Nanjing and Suqian,and to provide evidence for the development of targeted health education plan.Methods A questionnaire on EHC designed under the WHO’s guidance was conducted among 6765 volunteers aged over 15 such as medical staff,patients and their accompanies,physical examinees and other groups in the medical institutions located at different developing areas in Nanjing and Suqion.Results A total of 6,765 valid questionnaires were collected.The general awareness rate of EHC knowledge was 77.7%.The awareness rate in women was higher than that of in men and this represented a significant gender difference.There were also significant differences among age,occupation and education level.The auareness rate of 40-49 years old group was the highest and gradually decreared with the increase of age;the awareness rate of medical workers was the highest,and that of farmers was the lowest;the auareness rate of undergraduates and above was the highest,while that of primary school education coas the lowest.No significant difference of the awereness rate was found between Nanjing and Suqion.Conclusion The surveyed population in Nanjing and Suqion has a certain level awareness of ear and hearing health care,but the distribution is extrodinarily uneven.Diversified and accurate education is needed for different groups,especially for the elderly.EHC education in the rural and grass-roots areas should be strenghthened.