矿山充填尾砂过滤脱水性能试验研究

Experimental research on filtration dewatering performance of backfilling tailings in mine

金属矿山充填开采过程中,充填料浆浓度的准确控制对良好的充填质量至关重要,对于以矿山浮选尾矿为充填骨料的充填工艺,浮选尾矿浓密脱水效果是控制充填料浆浓度的一个关键因素。针对胶东地区某黄金矿山浮选尾矿,采用真空过滤试验机测试了不同粒径组成、质量浓度、絮凝剂添加量浮选尾矿浆的过滤脱水性能。结果表明,分级粗尾砂及全尾砂过滤性能较好,过滤速度快,滤饼含水量少,滤饼产量较大,满足工业生产要求,适用于采用过滤脱水工艺;分级细尾砂过滤速度慢,滤饼含水率较大且滤饼产量低,不适合采用过滤工艺进行脱水。砂浆质量浓度的增大会降低过滤速度,滤饼含水量也会有所增大,对于全尾砂矿浆,在矿浆质量浓度为40%时,滤饼产量达到最大值;适量的絮凝剂添加能促进矿浆过滤,但过量添加絮凝剂反而不利于矿浆过滤,对于全尾砂矿浆和分级粗尾砂矿浆,临界絮凝剂添加量为20 g/t,对于分级细尾砂矿浆,临界絮凝剂添加量为40 g/t。

In the process of backfilling and mining in metal mines,accurate control of the backfilling slurry concentration is very important for good backfilling quality.For the backfilling process that uses mine flotation tailings as backfilling aggregate,the dense dewatering effect of the flotation tailings is a key aspect of concentration to control the backfilling slurry.For the flotation tailings of a gold mine in Jiaodong area,the vacuum dewatering test machine was used to test the filtration and dewatering performance of flotation tailings slurry with different particle size compositions,mass concentrations,and flocculant addition amounts.The results showed that the graded coarse tailings and crude tailings had good filtration performance,fast filtration speed,low filter cake water content,and large filter cake output,which met the requirements of industrial production.It was suitable for the use of filter dehydration technology;the filtration rate of graded fine tailings was slow,the cake moisture content was large and the filter cake output was low,which is not suitable for dehydration using the filtration process.Increasing the mass concentration of mortar will reduce the filtration rate,and the water content of the filter cake will also increase.For the crude tailings slurry,when the mass concentration of the slurry was 40%,the filter cake output reached the maximum value.The addition of an appropriate amount of flocculant can promote slurry filtration,but excessive addition of flocculant was not conducive to slurry filtration.For crude tailings slurry and graded coarse tailings slurry,the critical flocculant dosage was 20 g/t;for graded fine tailings slurry,the critical flocculant dosage was 40 g/t.