镁离子的生理特点及与肝硬化的关系

Correlation between the physiological characteristics of magnesium and cirrhosis

镁离子是人体重要的微量元素并且在许多生理功能中起到至关重要的作用。镁离子与许多疾病有关,包括肝硬化。肝硬化中镁离子浓度的平衡,易受多种因素的干扰如营养摄入不足、白蛋白减少、尿液分泌增多、内分泌失调导致激素失活。镁离子缺乏后因炎性反应、氧化应激反应、线粒体的功能的破坏导致肝硬化疾病进展。补充镁离子后延缓肝脏疾病的进展及减少死亡率。不同镁离子浓度差异可能导致不同病理和生理的过程。肝硬化患者因纳差、腹水以及服用利尿剂等多种因素,常发生水、电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱。其中常有低钠血症、低钾低氯血症、酸碱平衡紊乱其中以呼吸性碱中毒与代谢性碱中毒最为多见。目前研究多探讨钙离子、钠离子和钾离子与肝硬化相关性,对于镁离子的肝硬化相关性研究相对较少。本文收集国内外相关文献资料,综述镁离子生理特点及与肝硬化之间的关系。

Magnesium ion is called as“forgotten electrolyte”,but magnesium ion is an important trace element in human body and plays an important role in many physiological function.Magnesium ions are associated with many diseases,including liver cirrhosis.The balance of magnesium concentration in liver cirrhosis is easily disturbed by many factors,including insufficient nutritional intake,decreased albumin,increased urine secretion and endocrine disorders leading to hormone inactivation.After magnesium deficiency,the progression of liver cirrhosis is caused by inflammation,oxidative stress and the destruction of mitochondrial function.Magnesium ion supplementation can delay the progression of liver disease and reduce mortality.Different concentrations of magnesium ions may lead to different pathological and physiological processes.The disorder of water,electrolyte and acid-base balance often occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis due to a variety of factors,such as anorexia,ascites and taking diuretics,in which,hyponatremia,hypokalemia and hypochloremia,acid-base balance disorder are common diseases,of which,respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis are the most common ones.This article collects the related literatures at home and abroad to review the physiological characteristics of magnesium ion and the correlation between magnesium ion and liver cirrhosis.