施用不同阻隔材料对小白菜产量、品质及氮磷吸收的影响

Effects of Applying Different Barrier Materials on the Yield,Quality and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Absorption of Chinese Cabbage

用于减少土壤氮磷淋溶的材料被称为阻隔材料,为明确粉煤灰(A)、海泡石(B)和沸石(C)作为阻隔材料的生物学效应,采用盆栽试验,研究施用不同阻隔材料及其组合对小白菜产量、品质及氮磷吸收的影响。试验设置6个处理:不添加阻隔材料(对照)、粉煤灰、海泡石、沸石、复合材料1(A1B2C2)、复合材料2(A2B2C1)。各处理阻隔材料添加量均为10 g/kg土。复合材料1中,粉煤灰、海泡石和沸石的添加量分别为2 g/kg、4 g/kg和4 g/kg;复合材料2中,各材料的添加量分别为4 g/kg、4 g/kg和2 g/kg。这些阻隔材料均于种植前施入。结果表明,和未添加阻隔材料的对照相比,粉煤灰、海泡石和沸石处理可分别提高小白菜产量37.1%、15.7%和42.8%。其中,沸石处理的小白菜总叶绿素和可溶性糖含量分别显著增加8.0%和6.9%,硝态氮(NO-3-N)含量显著下降12.8%;粉煤灰处理的小白菜可溶性蛋白含量显著增加7.9%,可溶性糖、维生素C和NO-3-N含量显著下降;海泡石处理的总叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和NO-3-N含量均显著降低。沸石和粉煤灰处理的植株氮累积量分别增加26.7%和22.7%,磷累积量降低11.8%和21.7%,土壤速效磷含量增加19.8%和18.9%。海泡石处理植株氮磷累积量和土壤铵态氮含量分别显著降低16.3%、12.4%和63.2%。2个复合材料处理小白菜产量无显著增加,其中A2B2C1处理植株氮磷累积量显著降低,体内NO-3-N含量却显著增加。综上,沸石和粉煤灰处理可提高小白菜产量,对品质改善也有一定效果,并能促进氮的吸收,对磷的吸收则有抑制作用;海泡石处理也能促进小白菜增产,但抑制氮磷的吸收。2种复合材料处理在小白菜上应用效果不佳。

Barrier materials are some materials which can reduce soil nitrogen and phosphorus leaching.To clarify the biological effects of fly ash(A),sepiolite(B)and zeolite(C)as barrier materials,pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different barrier materials and their combinations on the yield,quality,nitrogen and phosphorus absorption of Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis).Six treatments were set up in the experiment,including control(without barrier materials added),fly ash,sepiolite,zeolite,composite materialⅠ(A1B2C2),and composite materialⅡ(A2B2C1).The amounts of these barrier materials added for each treatment were 10 g/kg.The amounts of fly ash,sepiolite and zeolite in composite materialⅠwere 2 g/kg,4 g/kg and 4 g/kg respectively,and those of composite materialⅡwere 4 g/kg,4 g/kg and 2 g/kg respectively.These barrier materials were applied before planting.The results showed that compared with the control(without barrier materials added),the yields of the Chinese cabbage under the treatments added with fly ash,sepiolite and zeolite were increased by 37.1%,15.7%and 42.8%,respectively.The contents of total chlorophyll and soluble sugar of the zeolite treatment were significantly increased by 8.0%and 6.9%,but the nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N)content was significantly decreased by 12.8%.The soluble protein content of the fly ash treatment was significantly increased by 7.9%,but the contents of soluble sugar,vitamin C and NO-3-N were significantly decreased.The contents of total chlorophyll,soluble protein and NO-3-N of the sepiolite treatment were significantly decreased.The treatments of zeolite and fly ash improved nitrogen accumulation amount by 26.7%and 22.7%in Chinese cabbage respectively,but reduced phosphorus accumulation amount by 11.8%and 21.7%,and soil available phosphorus content were increased by 19.8%and 18.9%.The accumulation amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and soil ammonium nitrogen content under the sepiolite treatment were significantly decreased by 16.3%,12.4%,and 63.2%,respectively.There was no significant increase in the yield of Chinese cabbage under the two composite materials treatments;moreover,nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation amount under the A2B2C1 treatment was significantly reduced,but the NO-3-N content was significantly increased.Taken together,these results indicated that the treatments of zeolite and fly ash increased the yield of Chinese cabbage,and improved the quality to a certain extent.These two barrier materials also promoted nitrogen absorption by Chinese cabbage,but inhibited phosphorus absorption.The sepiolite treatment also promoted the yield of Chinese cabbage,but had an inhibitory action on nitrogen and phosphorus absorption.Two composite materials treatments had no good application effects on Chinese cabbage.