起垄栽培对胡萝卜产量、病害、土壤微环境及机械化采收的影响

Effects of Ridging Cultivation on Yield,Disease,Soil Microenvironment and Mechanized Harvesting of Carrot

为了提高胡萝卜种植效益,以红樱2号为试验材料,设置平畦栽培和起垄栽培2个处理,分析起垄栽培对胡萝卜产量、收益、灌溉水利用率、灌溉水经济效益、病害、土壤微环境及机械化采收的影响。结果表明,起垄栽培可明显促进胡萝卜植株生长,总产量、一等品产量、灌溉水利用率和灌溉水经济效益分别较平畦栽培显著提升12.72%、55.75%、12.70%和23.69%(P<0.05),增收达20873.3元/hm2。起垄栽培可明显减轻胡萝卜病害发生,总发病率较平畦栽培显著降低15.18个百分点。采用起垄栽培模式种植胡萝卜可明显改善根际土壤微生态环境,土壤含水量、全氮含量、全磷含量、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性和磷酸酶活性分别显著提升8.82%、48.72%、15.09%、69.67%、29.57%、58.62%(P<0.05);土壤微生物总量显著提升5.65倍,细菌/真菌和放线菌/真菌值分别显著提升66.67%、185.71%(P<0.05);容重和有机质含量则分别显著降低10.37%、13.13%(P<0.05)。起垄栽培较为适合胡萝卜机械化采收,收获速率显著提升13.89%,破损率显著降低0.87个百分点(P<0.05)。综上所述,起垄栽培可改善土壤微生态环境,提高胡萝卜产量、商品性及灌溉水利用率,降低病害发生,可作为胡萝卜高产优质高效机械化栽培模式大面积推广。

In order to improve the benefit of carrot cultivation,Hongying No.2 was used as experimental material,and two treatments of flat cultivation and ridging cultivation were set up to analyze the effects of ridging cultivation on yield,benefit,irrigation water utilization ratio,irrigation water economic benefit,disease,soil micro-environment and mechanized harvesting of carrot.The results showed that ridging cultivation could obviously promote the growth of carrot plants.Compared with the flat cultivation,the total yield,first-grade yield,irrigation water utilization ratio and irrigation water economic benefit of ridging cultivation were significantly improved by 12.72%,55.75%,12.70%and 23.69%(P<0.05),respectively,and the increase in income reached 20873.3 Yuan/ha.Ridging cultivation could significantly reduce the occurrence of carrot diseases,and the total incidence rate was significantly reduced by 15.18 percentage points compared with flat cultivation.The microenvironment of carrot rhizosphere soil could be improved by ridging cultivation model.The soil water content,total nitrogen content,total phosphorus content,invertase activity,urease activity and phosphatase activity were significantly increased by 8.82%,48.72%,15.09%,69.67%,29.57%and 58.62%(P<0.05);the amount of soil microorganisms increased significantly by 5.65 times and the value of bacteria/fungi and actinomycetes/fungi were increased significantly by 66.67%and 185.71%,respectively(P<0.05);soil bulk density and organic matter content of carrot rhizosphere soil were significantly reduced by 10.37%and 13.13%,respectively(P<0.05).Ridging cultivation was more suitable than flat cultivatiom for mechanized harvesting of carrots.Compared with the flat cultivation,the harvest rate of ridging cultivation was significantly increased by 13.89%,and the rate of damaged carrot due to mechanized harvesting was significantly reduced by 0.87 percentage points(P<0.05).In summary,ridging cultivation could improve soil micro-ecological environment,increase carrot yield,commercialization,irrigation water utilization rate and reduce disease occurrence,which should be widely promoted as a high-yield,high-quality,high-efficiency and mechanized cultivation model of carrot.