气候资源的法律属性和权利规制研究

Study on the Legal Attribute and Ownership of Climate Resources

气候资源与气象要素具有不同的涵义,否定气候资源为国家所有的学者混淆了两者的区别。特定区域的气候资源可以以证照的方式加以特定化,完全符合物权客体的要求。气候资源为国家所有具有正当性,立法应作宣示性规定。气候资源由谁占有和利用不是任意的,应该是气候资源的所有人所能选择和决定的,选择和决定的方式是行政许可。行政许可不仅具有行政法上的准入意义,而且还具有物权法上设定财产权的意义。以资源占用权来规制气候资源的开发利用不仅合法、可行,而且比单纯的行政法规制来得优越。

Climate resources and meteorological elements have different connotations.Some scholars deny the national ownership of climate resources,which neglects the difference between them.Climate resources in a specific region can be specified by means of license,which fully meets the requirements of ownership objectivization.It’s righteous for climate resources to be owned by nation,which should be declared through legislation.The occupation and utilization of climate resources is not arbitrary,which is up to the legitimate owner to choose and decide through administrative licensing.Administrative license entitles the user to the right of access in terms of administrative law,as well as the right of ownership in terms of property law.It is legal and feasible to regulate the development and utilization of climate resources with the right of resource occupation,which is more effective than the regulation by administrative law.