广东某市区2019年企业有机溶剂成分检测

Organic Solvent Composition Testing of Enterprises in an Urban Area of Guangdong in 2019

目的分析广东某市区2019年5-8月企业有机溶剂成分的危害情况,为实施职业防治提供数据依据。方法对2019年5-8月广东某市区的家具、电子、五金、化工、印刷、文具等275家企业1906个使用有机溶剂作业岗位进行检测,分析结果。结果275家企业的生产会使用有机溶剂,涉及到1906个岗位,有机溶剂含量构成比最大的分别为苯(56.5%)、1,2-二氯乙烷(34.2%)、三氯乙烯(21.1%)。依据行业分类,有机物构成比最高依次为家具(18.18%)、电子(13.64%)、化工(10.14%)。对比不同行业有机溶剂的构成比,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=71.540,P<0.05);有机溶剂超标发生见于喷油、刷胶、清洁、印刷、调漆等岗位。结论广东某市区众多企业使用有机溶剂,行业分布广泛,岗位数量多,有机溶剂普遍使用,针对有机溶剂的使用要加强监管,做好职业危害的管理工作,职业危害要有健全的防治措施,防止发生有机溶剂中毒。

Objective To analyze the hazards of organic solvent components in an enterprise in an urban area of Guangdong from May to August 2019,and provide data for the implementation of occupational prevention and control.Methods From May to August 2019,1906 jobs using organic solvents in 275 companies including furniture,electronics,hardware,chemicals,printing,and stationery in an urban area in Guangdong were tested and the results were analyzed.Results 275 companies use organic solvents in their production,involving 1906 jobs.The organic solvents with the largest proportions are benzene(56.5%),1,2-dichloroethane(34.2%),and trichloroethylene(21.1%).According to industry classification,the highest organic matter composition ratio is furniture(18.18%),electronics(13.64%),and chemical industry(10.14%).Compared the difference in the composition ratio of organic solvents in different industries was statistically significant(χ^(2)=71.540,P<0.05);excessive organic solvents occur in positions such as oil spraying,glue brushing,cleaning,printing,and paint mixing.Conclusion Many enterprises in a certain urban area in Guangdong use organic solvents,the industry is widely distributed,the number of jobs is large,and organic solvents are commonly used.The use of organic solvents must be strengthened,and occupational hazards must be managed well.Occupational hazards must have sound prevention and control measures to prevent organic solvent poisoning.