中西马克思主义两种辩证法理论范式的比较与反思

A Comparison of and Reflection on the Two Dialectic Theoretical Paradigms of Chinese and Western Marxism

“西方马克思主义”的“主客体相互作用”范式辩证法与国内教科书中的“物质—矛盾”范式辩证法在关于如何理解马克思主义辩证法的“唯物主义”性质、辩证法的“本体”以及如何评价恩格斯的“自然辩证法”等问题上存在巨大分歧。二者的分歧凸显了深入思考以下问题的必要性:“辩证法”与“唯物论”的统一何以可能;“内因论”在马克思主义辩证法中的位置与意义;辩证法问题上的“马恩对立论”是否成立;马克思主义辩证法的“能动性”是否是一种“主体能动性”;实践活动的“批判性”“革命性”与“条件性”的关系;主体能动性逻辑与“矛盾”论哪个更适合于解释“复杂事物”。关于这些问题的思考将有助于推动国内马克思主义辩证法研究跃向新台阶。

There are huge differences between the“subject-object interaction”paradigm dialectics of“Western Marxism”and the“material-contradiction”paradigm dialectics in Chinese textbooks when it comes to how to understand the“materialist”nature of Marxist dialectics,the“ontology”of dialectics,and how to evaluate Engels’“Dialectics of Nature”.The divergence between them highlights the necessity of thinking deeply about the following issues,such as the unity of“dialectics”and“materialism”,the position and significance of“internal factorism”in Marxist dialectics,the establishment of“Marx and Marxist opposition theory”on dialectics,the“initiative”of Marxist dialectics as a“subjective initiative”,the relationship among“critical”,“revolutionary”and“conditional”aspects of practical activities,and the explanation of complex matters by the logic of subjective agency or the theory of“contradiction”.Thinking over these issues will help promote Chinese Marxist dialectics to a new level.