摘要
Roses are important horticultural plants with enormous diversity in flowers and flowering behavior.However,molecular regulation of flowering time variation in roses remains poorly characterized.Here,we report an expansion of the FAR1/FRS-like genes that correlates well with the switch to prostrate-toerect growth of shoots upon flowering in Rosa wichuraiana‘Basye's Thornless'(BT).With the availability of the high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly for BT that we developed recently,we identified 91 RwFAR1/FRS-like genes,a significant expansion in contrast to 52 in Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’(OB),a founder genotype in modern rose domestication.Rose FAR1/FRS-like proteins feature distinct variation in protein domain structures.The dispersed expansion of RwFAR1/FRS-like genes occurred specifically in clade I and II and is significantly associated with transposon insertion in BT.Most of the RwFAR1/FRS-like genes showed relatively higher expression level than their corresponding orthologs in OB.FAR1/FRS-like genes regulate light-signaling processes,shade avoidance,and flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana.Therefore,the expansion and duplication of RwFAR1/FRS-like genes,followed by diversification in gene expression,might offer a novel leverage point for further understanding the molecular regulation of the variation in shoot-growth behavior and flowering time in roses.
基金
This work was funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to J-Y H(XDB31000000)
the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program to J-Y H(292015312D11035)and Yunnan Recruitment Program of Experts in Science to J-Y H.