我国硝酸钾产业发展现状与展望

Current status and prospect of potassium nitrate development in China

硝酸钾作为一种优质的氮钾二元复合肥和重要的无机化工原料,在农业、化工、医药、军工等领域都有着广泛应用。通过对比分析硝酸钾主要生产工艺的优缺点发现:以NH_(4)NO_(3)和KCl为原料的复分解法成本低,原料易得,工艺设备简单,副产品NH_(4)Cl易回收,可用作混合肥料,基本无环境污染,将逐渐成为国内硝酸钾产业主流工艺。总结了全球硝酸钾产业发展现状、市场趋势,探讨了我国硝酸钾产业的竞争优劣势及未来的发展前景,提出了加快技术进步、发挥产品高端出口优势、理性面对行业投资等建议,以促进我国硝酸钾产业及企业的可持续发展。

As a high-quality nitrogen potassium binary compound fertilizer and important inorganic chemical raw material,potassium nitrate is widely used in agriculture,chemical industry,medical industry,military industry and other industries.Comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the key processes for producing potas-sium nitrate,it was found that the double decomposition technology based on NH_(4)NO_(3) and KCl as raw materials has following advantages over the others:lower cost,favorable access to raw materials,simple process equipment,easy recovery of by-product NH_(4)Cl for manufacturing other kind of compound fertilizer,in general environmental-friendly,and tends to be the dominant process for domestic production of potassium nitrate.The current status and market trend of potassium nitrate industry around the world were summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of domestic potassium nitrate industry in the global competition and its prospects were discussed.Suggestions on speeding up technological research progress,giving full play to exporting high-quality products,and rational investment in the industry were given so as to promote the sustainable development of potassium nitrate industry and enterprises in China.