魔法与科学:人工智能的教育迷思及其祛魅

Magic and Science:The Educational Myths of Artificial Intelligence and Its Disenchantment

面对人工智能这类划时代的伟大技术,人们若完全无视它的科学传承,甚至将其视作“魔法”来欣赏和接受,就会产生典型的教育迷思:高估人工智能带来的教育变革;高估人工智能独立于人的教育功能;将人工智能视作“因材施教”的完美载体;将人工智能包装成“万能解药”。究其原因:一是人工智能与公众认知的科学鸿沟;二是人工智能届历来盛行的“浮夸风”;三是“教育+人工智能”内涵的不确定性;四是不负责任的漫谈却言之无物。未来要祛除人工智能的教育迷思,亟需秉持科学的“求真”精神,超越“喜怒哀乐”的情绪和技术应用的狭隘,逻辑、理性、批判地在“教育+人工智能”问题上观察现象、试验方法、比较结果、收集证据以及凝练观点。

In the face of great technologies that are epoch-making such as artificial intelligence,if human beings completely ignore its scientific inheritance,or even regard it as“magic”to appreciate and accept,there will be typical educational myths which will cause people to(1)overestimate the educational changes brought by artificial intelligence;(2)overestimate the educational function of artificial intelligence that is independent of human beings;(3)regard artificial intelligence as the perfect carrier of the idea“to teach students as their aptitude”;(4)and package artificial intelligence as a kind of“panacea”.The reasons are as follows:Firstly,there is a scientific gap between artificial intelligence and public cognition.Secondly,artificial intelligence brings the prevailing“exaggeration tendency”.Thirdly,there is uncertainty in the connotation of“education+artificial intelligence”.Fourthly,there are many irresponsible statements with nonsense.To get rid of the myth of artificial-intelligence education in the future,human need to stick to the concept“seeking truth”of science,and exceed the emotions like“happy and sorrow”and narrow applications on technologies,so as to logically,rationally and critically observe phenomenon,test methods,compare results,and collect reliable evidence,and concise on“education+artificial intelligence”.