中国百年大学空间分布特征及其影响因素探析

Analysis on the Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influence Factors of Chinese Centennial Universities

统计中国现有百年大学数量,根据各百年大学的地理坐标,运用ArcGIS软件绘制出首个中国百年大学空间分布图,应用地理信息系统空间技术首次揭示了中国百年大学空间分布特征:中国百年大学空间分布总体上呈聚集模式,以“胡焕庸线”为界,东西分异格局显著;聚集程度上呈点状、带状和组团状结合分布,形成一个包含两个高密度圈的大组团、两条分布带、四个点的空间分布格局。探索其影响因素,发现在空间格局形成初期,自然环境、经济水平、人文历史等内因起的作用较大,个人、民间、社会等多方力量都能参与其中;而在空间格局形成中后期,社会政治占主导作用,尤其是新中国成立以来的几次教育改革直接推动促成了现代百年大学的空间调整,政府的力量表现强势。

Chinese Centennial Universities are the cultural treasure of education,history and ideology.It is of great value to study this group,whether at the national strategic level,the academic construction level or the university development level.According to the geographical coordinates of each Centennial University,the first spatial distribution map of Chinese Centennial Universities is drawn by using ArcGIS software.The spatial distribution characteristics of Chinese Centennial University are revealed for the first time by using GIS spatial technology.Overall,the spatial distribution of Chinese Centennial Universities is aggregated,with Hu Line as the boundary,and the pattern of East-West differentiation is remarkable.The degree of aggregation is a combination of dot,band and cluster,forming a large cluster with two high density circles,two distribution belts and four points.It is found that in the early stage of spatial pattern formation,natural environment,economic level,human history and other internal factors play a greater role,and individuals,folk,society and other forces can participate in them;in the middle and late stage of spatial pattern formation,social politics plays a leading role,especially several educational reforms since the founding of new China have directly promoted the development of modern century With the adjustment of learning space,the strength of the government is strong.