19世纪末20世纪初美国强制入学运动研究

A Study on Compulsory School Attendance Movement in the United States in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries

强制入学运动是美国儿童福利运动的重要组成部分,在美国工业化-城市化的浪潮中有效抑制了童工增长,改善了儿童的生存状况。研究发现,强制入学运动得以开展,与19世纪末20世纪初儿童观念的变化、科学主义浪潮及儿童研究运动的开展密不可分。强制儿童入学在为儿童提供身体和心智双重保护的同时,也促成了儿童权利的转移,将儿童的归属权和管理权从家庭的私领域转移到了公领域。

Compulsory School Attendance Movement is an important part of the American Child Welfare Movement.In the wave of industrialization and urbanization of the United States,it effectively suppressed the growth of child labor and improved the living conditions of children.It is found that the development of the Compulsory School Attendance Movement was closely related to the change of the idea towards children in the society,the wave of scientism and the development of children’s research movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.The Compulsory School Attendance not only provides physical and mental protection for children,but also serves as a booster for the transfer of children’s rights,transferring the ownership and management of children from the private domain of the family to the public domain.