迈向“为了公民身份的教育”——世纪之交以来的爱尔兰公民教育改革探析

Reform towards“Education for Citizenship”——An Analysis of the Reform of Irish Citizenship Education since the Turn of the 21st Century

20世纪90年代以来的爱尔兰公民教育开始由注重传授公民知识的“关于公民身份的教育”,迈向注重培养包括公民知识、技能、态度及价值观在内的多方面能力,重视公民实践与主动参与的“为了公民身份的教育”。通过对公民教育改革背景和措施进行考察,可以发现为落实“为了公民身份的教育”,爱尔兰对公民教育的课程目标与内容、教学与评价方式以及相关的教师教育等进行了深度且持续的变革。改革后的公民教育设定了多维度的教学目标,涵盖了广泛的课程内容;课程实施方式逐渐转变为以学生为中心的主动探索与参与模式;评价则向着考察知识、技能、态度等多种能力的综合评价体系转变。总体来看,这一时期的公民教育课程改革取得了一定的效果,并针对新课程实施过程中存在的问题不断进行调整和改进。

Since the 1990s,the Irish citizenship education has changed from“education about citizenship”which focuses on the citizenship knowledge imparting,to“education for citizenship”which focuses on the cultivation of various abilities including knowledge,skills,attitudes and values,and values practice and active participation.Through the investigation into background and measures of citizenship education reform,it is found that teacher education,curriculum objectives and content,teaching and evaluation methods related to Irish citizenship education have undergone continuous changes in order to achieve“citizenship for education”.The newly-reformed citizenship education,with its multiple aims,covers broad content.The mode of curriculum has gradually changed to a student-centered mode of active exploration and participation.Evaluation method has developed into a comprehensive system that evaluates knowledge,skills,attitudes and other abilities.Generally,Irish citizenship education in this period has achieved progress,and initiated continuous adjustment to solve problems existing in the process of curriculum reform.