SIMP法案和贸易争端对中国水产品出口美国的影响分析

Impact of SIMP and trade disputes on China’s aquatic products export to the United States

美国国家海洋大气管理局于2018年1月1日正式实施海产品进口监管法案(SIMP),要求出口到美国的海产品供应商必须提供捕捞地点和进入美国商业的地点等重要信息。美国于2018年9月和2019年5月两次加征中国出口美国产品关税,其中包括373个海鲜产品条目。SIMP法案实施和贸易争端无疑会对中国水产品出口美国产生影响。本文梳理中国水产品出口美国现状,从中国出口美国水产品品种和金额两个角度,分析SIMP法案和贸易争端对中国水产品出口美国的影响。结论表明,目前SIMP法案对中国水产品出口美国的影响有限,但是SIMP法案全面覆盖所有出口美国品种后,影响会增大;贸易争端导致中国水产品出口美国下降趋势明显,2018年10月-2019年9月的月度出口数据中,有12个月处于2012年以来的最低值,负面影响显著。针对研究结论,文章提出相应政策建议。

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) enacted the Seafood Import Monitoring Program(SIMP) on January 1, 2018, which requires seafood suppliers exported to the United States to provide critical information about where they are caught and where they enter U.S. businesses. The United States imposed additional tariffs on Chinese exports to the US in September 2018 and May 2019, including 373 seafood items. SIMP implementation and trade disputes will undoubtedly have an impact on the exports of Chinese aquatic products to the United States. This paper first summarizes the status quo of China’s aquatic products export to the United States, and then analyzes the impact of SIMP and trade disputes on China’s aquatic products export to the United States. The conclusion shows that SIMP has limited influence on the export of Chinese aquatic products to the United States, but the influence will increase after SIMP covers all imported products to the United States. The trade disputes have led to a significant downward trend in China’s aquatic products exports to the United States. According to the monthly export data from October 2018 to December 2019, there are 12 months at the lowest level since 2012, with significant negative impact. In view of the research conclusion, this paper finally puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions.