由“心”到“命”:清华简《心是谓中》之义理分析

From“Heart”to“Fate”:An Analysis of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Heart Is the Center

以现代哲学的视阈来看,清华简《心是谓中》一文基本采取一种由内在之“心”转向外在之“命”的理论进路,其首先探讨了“身”“心”关系问题,确立了“心”之于身的主宰地位;继而转向认识论层面,判定社会、政治领域的“有为”与“谋而有度”之关键在于认知心的发用;最后上升至“保家没身”之存在论层面,一方面强调“天命”“身命”在逻辑上可二分,另一方面又主张在价值上听“天命”而不失“身命”,从思想史的角度而言,这既是对荀子“明于天人之分”学说的推进,又是对儒家天人关系问题的拓展。

From the perspective of modern philosophy,Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Heart Is the Center basically adopts a theoretical approach from the inner"heart"to the outer"fate".Firstly,it discusses the relationship between"body"and"heart",and establishes the dominant position of"heart"in the body;Then it turns to the epistemological level,and the key to judge the"promising"and"scheming with degree"in the social and political fields lies in the development of cognitive mind;Finally,it rises to the ontological level of"protecting the family but not the body".On the one hand,it emphasizes that"destiny"and"life"can be divided logically.On the other hand,it advocates listening to"destiny"in value without losing"life".From the perspective of ideological history,this is not only the promotion of Xunzi’s theory of"understanding the difference between heaven and man",but also the expansion of the Confucian relationship between heaven and man.