病毒样颗粒疫苗在疾病防治中的研究进展

Research progress of virus-like particles-based vaccines in disease prevention and treatment

病毒样颗粒(VLPs)是由病毒结构蛋白自组装形成的纳米级颗粒,其结构及免疫原性与天然病毒类似,不含病毒基因组,在保持病毒结构特性的同时不具备复制与感染能力,可有效刺激机体产生免疫应答,是理想的疫苗研发应用平台。相比于传统疫苗,新型VLPs疫苗结构规则、自组装性强、颗粒均一性好、颗粒载体装载率大、生物相容性高、质量稳定、安全可靠,且可根据需求进行精准修饰,免疫优势巨大。本文综述VLPs疫苗在疾病防治中的研究进展,对治疗性及预防性VLPs疫苗开发提供参考,论述VLPs疫苗常用表达系统及应用原理,并重点对其在突发传染病如新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)防控中的应用前景进行展望。

Virus-like particles(VLPs) were nano-particles formed by self-assembly of virus structural proteins, whose structures and immunogenicity of natural virus particles without viral genomes, but didn′t have ability of replication and infection, and could effectively stimulate innate and adaptive immune response and become a highly efficient vaccine platform for their enhanced immunogenicity.Compared with traditional vaccines, VLPs-based vaccines were obtained accompanied by inherent properties in an array of aspects such as their well-defined structure, thermodynamic stability, biocompatibility, homogeneity, high carrying capacity, self-assembly, scalability, and low toxicity, which show great immune advantages.This article reviewed recent researches on VLPs-based vaccines in disease prevention and treatment, and provided reference for development of therapeutic vaccines and preventive vaccines.Expression systems of VLP-based vaccines and their application principle were discussed, prospect of prevention and control of emergency infectious diseases such as Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) was discussed as well.