高黎贡山火尾绿鹛的鸣声特征分析

Analysis of the Vocal Characteristics of the Fire-tailed Myzornis in the Gaoligong Mountains

鸣声在鸟类通讯、配偶吸引和领域保卫等方面均有重要作用。本研究旨在探讨雀形目火尾绿鹛(Myzornispyrrhoura)繁殖期的鸣声类型及其生物学意义。于2013和2014年的3至7月在云南高黎贡山片马垭口、独龙江垭口录制了成鸟(n=30)、3个家庭的幼鸟(n=6)和1巢雏鸟(n=2)的鸣声。依据鸣声发出时的个体行为特征,将录制的成鸟鸣声分为3种类型,即联络鸣叫、报警鸣叫和雄性鸣唱。其中,雄鸟鸣唱的语图明显比其他鸣叫声更复杂。而样本量较多的多声联络鸣叫和报警鸣叫的声学特征在个体间有显著差异。雏鸟随着日龄的增加,其鸣声的音节数和持续时间均增加,但峰频率随日龄增加而降低,至20日龄雏鸟和幼鸟鸣叫特征十分相似。野外观察发现,火尾绿鹛在繁殖期的鸣唱较少,其原因尚需进一步研究。

Vocalization plays an important role in communication,mating and territoriality of songbirds.In the present study,we characterized the vocal behavior of a monotypic species,the Fire-tailed Myzornis Myzornis pyrrhoura,from the alpine areas of the Gaoligong Mountains,China.Our fieldwork was conducted at the Pianma Pass and the Dulongjiang Pass during the breeding seasons(March-July)in 2013 and 2014.We recorded vocalizations from 30 breeding adults,6 juveniles from three families,and 2 nestlings in one nest,and noted their corresponding behaviors.We classified three types of vocalizations of the adult birds,including the contact calls,the alarm calls and the song of males.Through non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test,we found significant differences among individuals on alarm calls and multiple-syllable contact call,which we had sufficient data.We also illustrated the development of nestlings’begging calls and juveniles’calls.Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between call characteristics and day-age of nestlings.The nestlings’calls changed over time.With increasing age,the note number and duration of nestlings’calls increased,while its peak frequency decreased.The call of the 20-day nestlings was similar to that of juveniles(Fig.2).The complexity of the male song of this species was similar to that of its close-related species.Although we made extensive efforts,a few songs were recorded,and the spectrograms of male songs were much complex than their calls(Fig.3).It is unclear the mechanism of the rarity of the complex song of this alpine breeding species;further experimental study thus is needed.