靴隼雕在中国的分布及羽色多态现象

The Distribution and Colour Plumage Polymorphism of the Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus in China

2000年之前,靴隼雕(Hieraaetus pennatus)在中国的已知分布范围仅限于新疆、辽宁、北京、云南及四川,随着相关研究的深入以及观鸟爱好者人数增加,2000年之后陆续在内蒙古、西藏、江苏、河南、甘肃等17个省份及自治区有了该种的确切记录。根据已有报道和记录,本文对靴隼雕在国内的分布进行了系统总结,并简要归纳其在国内的居留型:该种在西部荒漠亚区和天山山地亚区内应为夏候鸟,在青海藏南亚区内为夏候鸟或留鸟,在滇南山地亚区内则为冬候鸟,在国内其他大部分地区应被视为旅鸟。黑龙江和吉林两省的已有记录缺乏确实证据,建议视作无效。同时,对国内靴隼雕记录中已知的暗色型和淡色型状况进行了初步分析。结果表明,国内靴隼雕暗色型个体数量远多于淡色型(暗色型与淡色型数量之比为41∶9),这与东南亚地区相应的已知比例相近(马来半岛15∶1,泰国37∶8),而与淡色型个体在西班牙、南非占比约80%,在土耳其、希腊、以色列占约60%,在格鲁吉亚暗、淡色型个体各占约50%的情况明显不同。靴隼雕暗色型个体的比例在欧亚大陆呈现出自西向东逐渐升高的趋势。

Prior to 2000, the known distribution of Booted Eagle(Hieraaetus pennatus) in China was limited in Xinjiang, Liaoning, Beijing, Yunnan and Sichuan. While after 2000, along with the emergence of the Chinese bird-watchers’ population, more records of the Booted Eagle were found in another 17 provinces and autonomous regions. Based on existed reports, records and our own field observations, here we present a systematic review of the distribution and status of the Booted Eagle in China. We found that this raptor being a summer visitor in the West Desert and Tianshan Mountain biogeographic subregion, a summer visitor or resident in the Qinghai-Southern Tibet subregion, and a winter visitor to the Southern Yunan Mountain subregion. Furthermore, the Booted Eagle is considered as a passage migrant to most of other areas in China. The existing records in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces should be regarded as invalid as lack of solid evidence. With a preliminary analysis of the ratio of the dark morph and pale morph in the Booted Eagle recorded in China, we found that there were much more dark morph individuals than pale morph ones(dark∶light = 41∶9), which was similar to the known ratios in other parts of Asia(Malay Peninsula 15∶1, Thailand 37∶8). However, the ratio of light individuals was about 80% in Spain and South Africa, around 60% in Turkey, Greece and Israel, almost 50% in Georgia. Therefore, the proportion of dark morph individuals in the Booted Eagle clearly shows an increasing trend from west to east in continental Eurasia.