老年代谢综合征流行病学调查及预防措施

Epidemiological investigation of metabolic syndrome in the elderlyand study on preventive measures

目的调查老年代谢综合征流行病学特征,针对性制定科学的防控措施。方法采用随机抽样方法选取咸阳地区2017年1月至2020年1月体检人员,参照代谢综合征诊断标准统计患病率及流行病学特征,对代谢综合征患者实施干预措施并比较干预前后生存、身体质量的变化;采用SPSS 20.0进行t检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果咸阳地区累计代谢综合征病例587例,总体患病率13.81%,最终获得566份老年代谢综合征患者的完整临床资料。年龄60~69、超重及肥胖、活动时间<3 h/d、静坐时间≥8 h/d、吸烟、饮酒为代谢综合征发生的独立危险因素(均P<0.05,均OR>1)。干预后,各年龄组饮食管理、运动管理及认知管理得分均高于干预前(P<0.05),甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白及BMI值优于干预前(P<0.05)。结论年龄为60~69岁、超重及肥胖、每日活动时间<3 h、每日静坐时间≥8 h、吸烟、饮酒为老年代谢综合征发生的危险因素,针对性进行干预可帮助患者建立正确的自我管理和执行能力。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of metabolic syndrome in the elderly,and to develoPscientific prevention and control measures.Methods Physical examination personnel in Xianyang district from January 2017 to January 2020 were selected by random sampling method.The prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of the patients with metabolic syndrome were calculated according to the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome.Intervention measures were implemented for patients with metabolic syndrome,and changes in survival and body quality were compared before and after intervention.SPSS 20.0 software was used for T test,rank sum test and Spearman rank correlation analysis,and the test level wasα=0.05.Results There were 587 cases of metabolic syndrome in Xianyang area,and the overall prevalence rate was 13.81%.Complete clinical data of 566 elderly patients with metabolic syndrome were obtained.Age of 60~69 years old,overweight,obesity,activity time<3 hours per day,sitting time≥8 hours per day,smoking history,and drinking history were independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome(all P<0.05,all OR>1).After the intervention,scores of diet management,exercise management and cognition management in all age groups were higher than those before the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,values of triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein and BMI were better than those before the intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion Age of 60~69 years old,overweight,obesity,activity time<3 hours per day,sitting time≥8 hours per day,smoking and alcohol consumption are the risk factors for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in the elderly.Targeted interventions are of vital importance in helping patients to establish suitable self-management and executive ability.