归化运动员国籍规则的制定和适用——以欧盟法院对国籍纠纷的司法审查为例

Development and Application of Nationality Rules for Naturalized Athletes——Taking Judicial Review of Nationality Disputes by European Court of Justice as Example

各个国际体育组织对归化运动员代表国家或俱乐部参赛的国籍认定有专门的规定,除应满足法律国籍标准外,还应符合体育国籍的限制条件,国籍规则适用不当容易引发参赛资格争议。梳理相关欧盟判例法发现,欧盟法院对国籍争议经历了从要素审查到系统审查的演进,形成了归化运动员的国籍规则分类标准和可适用的原则。其对我国归化运动员规则制定和适用的启示如下:严格把握归化运动员国籍规定的具体内容,强化目的正当原则和符合比例原则的适用,积极完善归化运动员参赛资格权利的法律保障,为规范归化运动员管理提供指引。

International sports organizations have special regulations on the nationality of naturalized athletes representing the country or club.In addition to meeting the legal nationality standard,it should also meet the limitations of sports nationality.Improper application of nationality rules can easily lead to competition qualification disputes.Combing the relevant EU case law,it is found that the European Court of Justice has experienced the evolution from the examination of elements to the systematic examination of nationality disputes,and has formed the classification standard and applicable principles of nationality rules of naturalized athletes.Its enlightenment to the formulation and application of the rules of naturalized athletes in China is as follows:strictly grasp the specific contents of the nationality regulations of naturalized athletes,strengthen the application of the principle of proper purpose and the principle of proportion,and actively improve the legal guarantee of the qualification right of naturalized athletes to provide reference for the management of naturalized athletes.