不同艾种质资源叶片品质的分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation on Leaf Quality of Different Artemisia argyi Germplasm Resources

目的:对100份艾种质资源的14个品质性状进行综合评价,分析不同种质艾叶的质量差异并筛选出特异种质。方法:从全国收集艾种质资源,测定各种质的艾叶出绒率和总挥发油含量,运用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)测定艾叶中12种黄酮和酚酸类成分含量,并利用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析对艾叶品质进行综合评价。结果:艾种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,14个品质性状的变异系数在25.67%~127.34%,其中绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异夏佛塔苷、异绿原酸B和异绿原酸A的变异系数超过70%,变异较大;艾叶出绒率与9个品质性状呈负相关,艾叶总挥发油与10个品质性状呈正相关,而各黄酮和酚酸类成分多呈相互协同的作用;对12个黄酮和酚酸类成分进行主成分分析,可提取出4个主成分,以S98(浙江省杭州市),S84(湖南省邵阳市隆回县),S66(湖北省麻城市福田河镇),S35(湖北省黄冈市蕲春县八里湖乡),S15(河南省安阳市汤阴县伏道乡)所对应的种质艾叶中黄酮和酚酸类成分综合得分最高;系统聚类分析表明,欧式距离为8.0可以将100份种质分为4个类群:第Ⅰ类群包含90份资源,第Ⅱ类群包含3份资源,第Ⅲ类群包含3份类群,第Ⅳ类群包含4份类群,其中第Ⅱ类群黄酮和酚酸类成分含量较高,第Ⅲ类群总挥发油含量较高,第Ⅳ类群艾叶出绒率较高。结论:不同艾种质叶片品质差异较大,该研究可为艾种质资源的品质评价和品种选育提供依据。

Objective: To analyze the quality differences among different germplasm resources of Artemisia argyi and to screen out the specific germplasm by comprehensively evaluating 14 quality traits of 100 germplasm resources. Method: Germplasm resources of A. argyi were collected from all over the country. The output rate of moxa and the content of total volatile oil in A. argyi leaves were determined,and the contents of 12 flavonoids and phenolic acids in A. argyi leaves were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC). The correlation analysis,principal component analysis and clustering analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of A. argyi. Result:There was rich genetic diversity of A. argyi germplasm resources,and the variation coefficients of 14 quality traits ranged from 25.67% to 127.34%,among which the coefficient of variation of chlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,isoxiafotaside,isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid A was more than 70%,with high variation. The output rate of moxa was negatively correlated with 9 quality traits,while the content of total volatile oil was positively correlated with 10 quality traits,and most of the flavonoids and phenolic acids had synergistic effects. 12 flavonoids and phenolic acids were analyzed by principal component analysis,and 4 principal components could be extracted. The highest contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids were found in S98(Hangzhou,Zhejiang province),S84(Longhui county,Shaoyang city,Hunan province),S66(Futian river town,Macheng city,Hubei province),S35(Balihu town,Qichun county,Huanggang city,Hubei province),and S15(Fudao town,Tangyin county,Anyang city,Henan province). The systematic clustering analysis showed that the 100 germplasm could be divided into four groups when the euclidean distance was 8.0,with 90,3,3,3 and 4 accessions in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,respectively.The germplasm resources in group Ⅱ contained the highest content of flavonoids and phenolic acids,the groupⅢ contained the highest content of total volatile oil and the group Ⅳ contained the highest output rate of moxa.Conclusion: The leaf quality of different A. argyi germplasms is different. This study can provide the basis for the quality evaluation and variety breeding of A. argyi germplasm resources.