四川省7~18周岁中小学生形态发育现状分析

Somatotype among 7–18 years old primary and high school students in Sichuan province

目的了解四川省中小学生形态发育现状,为有关部门制定学校卫生保健策略提供科学数据和评价标准。方法本次调查采用整群抽样方法,在2018年抽取四川省21个市(州)7~18周岁25 937名中小学生作为研究对象,检测项目包括中小学生的身高、体重等形态发育指标,并计算出中小学生超重、肥胖检出率。结果中小学生平均身高为(149.35±16.27)cm,平均体重为(43.54±14.31)kg;城市中小学生平均身高和体重均高于农村(P <0.05);男生平均身高和体重在13岁后明显高于女生(P <0.05);中小学生的总体超重检出率为11.61%,肥胖检出率为7.63%;男生超重和肥胖检出率均高于女生(P <0.05);超重检出率和肥胖检出率均随年龄增加而呈下降趋势,并且女生下降更显著。结论四川省7~18周岁中小学生身高、体重基本符合青少年生长发育规律;城市地区中小学生平均身高和体重均高于农村;四川省城市地区7~18周岁中小学生超重和肥胖检出率处于较高水平,其检出率与一线城市相当或稍高。

Objective To examine physical characteristics of primary and high school students aged 7–18 years in Sichuan province and to provide references for developing health care strategies by relevant institutions. Methods Using cluster sampling, we recruited 25 937 students aged 7–18 years from 110 primary and high schools in 21 municipalities/prefectures in Sichuan province in 2018. The height and weight of the students were measured, and body mass index(BMI)was calculated for all the students to analyze prevalence of overweight and obesity. Results For all the students, the average height and weight were 149.35 ± 16.27 centimeters 43.54 ± 14.31 kilograms;the average height and weight of urban students were significantly higher than those of the rural students(both P < 0.05);for the students aged 13 years and above, the average height and weight of the boys were significantly higher than those of the girls(both P < 0.05). Among all the students, the overall detection rate of overweight and obesity were 11.61% and 7.63% and the two detection rates were significantly higher among the boy students than among the girl students(both P < 0.05);the detection rate of overweight and obesity decreased with the increment of age in the students, especially among the girl students. Conclusion Among 7–18 years old primary and high school students in Sichuan province, the height and weight are at normal level and the urban students have higher height and weight than the rural students;but the detection rate of overweight and obesity are relatively high and similar to those among the students in big cities.