广州市2014—2018年外来务工人员伤害病例流行特征分析

Prevalence characteristics of injury among migrant workers in Guangzhou city, 2014–2018

目的了解广东省广州市2014—2018年外来务工人员伤害病例的流行特征,为制定该人群伤害预防措施提供参考依据。方法收集广州市5家伤害监测哨点医院2014年1月1日—2018年12月31日报告的外来务工人员伤害病例相关数据,分析其流行特征。结果广州市5家伤害监测哨点医院2014—2018年共报告外来务工人员伤害病例64398例,男女性别比为2.14:1,平均年龄(35.71±11.31)岁。前3位伤害原因分别为钝器伤(21.32%)、刀/锐器伤(21.31%)、跌倒/坠落(18.86%),前3位伤害发生地点分别为家中(28.18%)、工业和建筑场所(26.66%)、公路/街道(21.05%),前3位伤害发生时活动分别为工作(35.41%)、休闲活动(21.37%)、驾乘交通工具(12.90%)。不同性别比较,男性在工业和建筑场所工作时发生的职业伤害高于女性,主要伤害为刀/锐器伤和钝器伤;女性在家中做家务或休闲活动时发生的伤害高于男性,主要伤害为跌倒/坠落和动物伤。结论广州市外来务工人员伤害发生原因因性别、地点和活动有所不同,应针对人群特点开展有针对性地干预,预防伤害的发生。

Objective To explore prevalence characteristics of injuries among migrant workers in Guangzhou city of Guangdong province from 2014 through 2018 and to provide evidences for developing injury prevention measures for the population. Methods The information on injury incidents among migrant workers in Gurangzhou city from 2014 through2018 were extracted from medical records of 5 sentinel hospitals covered by the National Injury Surveillance System.Descriptive statistics was performed on the collected data. Results Totally 64 398 injuries of migrant workers were diagnosed during the 5-year period;the average age was 35.71 ± 11.31 years and the male to female ratio was 2.14 : 1 for all the injury cases. The top 3 injury types were blunt(21.32%), cut/stab(21.31%) and fall(18.86%) injuries;the top 3 sittings for the injury incidents were home(28.18%), factory or construction site(26.66%), and traffic road or street(21.05%);and the top 3 movements of the injury occurrences were during working(35.41%), leisure activity(21.37%) and driving(12.90%), respectively. More occupational injuries, majorly cut/stab and blunt injuries at industrial production or construction sites, occurred among male migrant workers than among female migrant workers. However, more non-occupational injuries while doing housework or taking leisure activities occurred among female migrant workers than among male migrant workers. Conclusion The injuries among migrant workers in Guangzhou city differed by gender, sitting, and personal activity. Specific interventions should be carried to prevent injury among different migrant worker groups.