有氧联合抗阻运动对中度智力障碍青少年干预效果评价

Evaluation of intervention effect of aerobic combined with resistance exercise on adolescents with moderate mental retardation

目的探讨有氧联合抗阻运动对中度智力障碍青少年的干预效果,为促进特殊人群健康成长提供参考。方法选取佛山市顺德区启智中学29名12~17岁中度智力障碍青少年,使用随机数字表分为干预组(16名)和对照组(13名),干预组进行为期11周的有氧联合抗阻运动,对照组保持原有活动。比较两组受试者干预前后身体成分、肌肉力量、心肺耐力、平衡能力的变化。结果干预后干预组骨骼肌(22.90±3.63)kg、肌肉量(39.75±5.57)kg、去脂体重(41.52±6.79)kg、坐式手臂支撑(49.19±35.28)s、站立计时测试(22.13±6.01)s、半仰卧起坐(20.12±6.48)个、握力[左(15.98±4.86)kg,右(16.37±5.46)kg]、2 min踏步运动后即刻心率(91.43±13.44)次/min、闭眼单脚站立[左:(5.82±5.20)s;右(6.42±5.56)s]与运动前相比显著提高,体脂肪下降(t值分别为2.57,2.72,2.07,2.10,3.31,2.92,2.76,3.44,2.86,2.04,2.38,-2.92,P值均<0.05);干预后组间相比,坐式手臂支撑、闭眼单脚站立(右)提高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论有氧联合抗阻运动有助于提高中度智力障碍青少年的肌肉力量和耐力、心肺耐力和平衡能力。

Objective To explore the effect of aerobic plus resistance training on the intervention of adolescents with moderate mental retardation and to provide reference for healthy development among specific need population.Methods Totally 29 adolescents with moderate mental retardation,aged 12-17 years from one middle school in Shunde district of Foshan,were divided into intervention group and control group(16/13)with random number table.The intervention group was subjected to aerobic combined resistance exercise for 11 weeks.The control group maintained the original activities.The changes in body composition,muscle strength,cardiorespiratory endurance and balance ability of the two groups of subjects before and after intervention were compared.Results After the intervention,the intervention group’s skeletal muscle(22.90±3.63)kg,muscle mass(39.75±5.57)kg,lean body mass(41.52±6.79)kg,sitting arm support(49.19±35.28)s,standing timing test(22.13±6.01)s,half crunches(20.12±6.48),grip strength[left(15.98±4.86)kg;right(16.37±5.46)kg],heart rate immediately after 2 min stepping exercise(91.43±13.44)frequency/min,Standing on one foot with eyes closed[left(5.82±5.20)s;right(6.02±5.56)s]compared with before exercise,the body fat decreased(t=2.57,2.72,2.07,2.10,3.31,2.92,2.76,3.44,2.86,2.04,2.38,-2.92,P<0.05);after the intervention,the sitting arm support and closed eyes standing(right)improved(P<0.05).Conclusion Aerobic combined resistance exercise can improve muscle strength and endurance,aerobic endurance and balance ability in adolescents with moderate mental retardation and adaptability of teenagers with moderate mental retardation.