我国花生土壤黄曲霉菌分布与产后花生黄曲霉毒素污染相关性研究

The Relationship Between Aspergillus flavus in Peanut Soil and Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanut in China

为了解我国花生土壤黄曲霉分布及产毒特征与产后花生黄曲霉毒素污染相关性,本试验从我国4个典型花生产区黄河流域产区(河北保定)、西北产区(新疆吐鲁番)、长江流域产区(湖北黄冈、四川南充)和东南沿海产区(广东湛江)采集花生土壤样品124份。通过对我国不同产区花生土壤中黄曲霉菌的分布及产毒特征研究,评估我国不同产区花生黄曲霉毒素污染风险。结果表明,湖北黄冈和四川南充土壤中黄曲霉检出率、带菌量和黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)量均高于其他地区,产后花生受AFB1污染风险最高,其次为广东湛江和新疆吐鲁番,河北保定花生受AFB1污染风险最低。从上述4个产区收集64份花生样品开展产后花生AFB1污染调查,发现湖北黄冈花生AFB1污染情况最严重,检出率为57%,超标率为10%,其次为四川南充和广东湛江,新疆吐鲁番和河北保定花生受AFB1污染较轻。风险评估结果与实际检测结果一致,表明花生土壤中黄曲霉菌数量、产毒菌比例及产毒能力与产后花生AFB1污染呈正相关性。本研究结果为花生黄曲霉毒素污染预警及综合防控提供了理论依据和数据支撑。

In order to understand the relationship between the distribution and toxigenic characteristics of Aspergillus flavus in peanut soil and aflatoxin contamination of peanut, 124 peanut soil samples were collected from Yellow River Basin(Baoding, Hebei), Northwest region(Turpan, Xinjiang), Yangtze River Basin(Huanggang, Hubei, Nanchong, Sichuan) and Southeast coastal region(Zhanjiang, Guangdong) in China. Based on the study of the distribution and toxigenic characteristics of A. flavus in peanut soil, the risk of aflatoxin contamination in peanut was evaluated. The results showed that the detection rate of Aspergillus flavus, the amount of A. flavus in the soil in Huanggang and Nanchong was higher than those in other regions, the risk of AFB1 contamination of harvested peanuts was higher followed by Zhanjiang, Turpan and Baoding had the lowest risk of AFB1contamination. 64 peanut samples collected from the above 5 regions were used to investigate the AFB1 contamination of peanut. It was found that the AFB1 contamination of peanut in Huanggang was the most with serious, the detection rate of 57%, and the over standard rate of 10%, followed by Nanchong and Zhanjiang. The peanut in Turpan and Baoding were slightly contaminated by AFB1. The results of risk assessment were consistent with the actual monitoring results, which means that the distribution and toxigenic characteristics of A. flavus in peanut soil had a positive correlation with the AFB1 contamination of peanut. This research provides theoretical basis and statistical support for early warning and control of aflatoxin contamination in peanut.