试析知识分子的思想转变问题——从王实味事件再评价谈起

On the Ideological Change of Intellectuals:from the Re-evaluation of WANG Shiwei's Event

王实味等人的文艺理论是一种抽象的理论,在延安整风的特定历史时期对王实味的思想展开批评本身没有错。王实味等人的思想偏颇在于没有解决知识分子自身的思想转变问题,在于他作为一个马克思主义者没有真正将为谁服务的问题由抽象转向具体,没有真正理解马克思主义的立场、观点和方法。毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》既为当时的文艺理论向何处去指明了方向,也为知识分子迅速做出思想转变、明确自身定位指明了方向。但因王实味的个人悲剧,就将延安文艺界知识分子的思想转变定性为真理被政治规训和集体失智,是不公正的。因为这种转变本身是有合理因素的,体现了真理性与政治性的统一。真理和政治的关系,应被置入历史的进程中,人们对其理解和评价也应在具体的历史中进行。

There was no wrong in the criticizing of WANG Shiwei’s abstract literature theory in the specific period of Yan’ an Rectification Movement. It is WANG Shiwei’s failure in solving the problem of intellectual’s ideological change and understanding the meaning of a Marxist that makes his theory full of biases. MAO Zedong’s Speech at the Yan’ an Forum on Literature and Art not only pointed out the proper direction of literature theory development but also the ways for the intellectuals to make a rapid ideological change. Due to WANG Shiwei’s personal experiences, he regarded the intellectuals’ mental change as "the-truth-is regulated-by-the-politics" and the "collective loss of wisdom". He ignored the reasonable factors existed in this transformation, which embodies the unity of truth and politics. The relationship between truth and politics should be put into the process of historical movement to understand and evaluate.