学龄前儿童久坐行为时间与身体活动水平、心理健康状况的关系

Relationship between sedentary behavior time and physical activity level,mental health status of preschool children

目的分析学龄前儿童久坐行为时间与身体活动水平、心理健康状况的关系,为制定针对学龄前儿童身体活动、心理健康的干预策略提供参考。方法2019年1—12月选择本地区所辖幼儿园的145名学龄前儿童作为调查对象,用长处和困难问卷(SDQ)(父母版)、三轴加速度计及配套的ActiLife软件对本次全部调查对象开展调查,汇总心理健康状况异常检出率、久坐行为时间与身体活动水平,利用Pearson/Spearman相关分析法分析学龄前儿童久坐行为时间与身体活动水平、心理健康状况的相关性。结果本地区学龄前儿童久坐行为时间较长(26.49±7.58)min/h,且主要集中在每日12:00-15:59;学龄前儿童身体活动水平总体以低强度身体活动为主,男生中强度身体活动比例最高,女生低强度身体活动比例最高,不同性别身体活动水平比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.504,P=0.005);学龄前儿童心理健康状况异常检出率为50.34%(73/145)。相关性分析结果显示:学龄前儿童久坐行为时间与身体活动水平呈负相关(r=-0.418,P<0.001),与心理健康状况评分呈正相关(r=0.341,P<0.001)。结论学龄前儿童久坐行为时间与身体活动水平、心理健康状况关系密切,应通过提高本地区学龄前儿童身体活动水平,缩短久坐行为时间,进而促进心理健康。

Objective To explore the relationship between sedentary behavior time and physical activity level,mental health status of preschool children,so as to provide reference for making intervention strategies of physical activity and mental health.Methods From January to December 2019,145 preschool children from kindergartens in this region were selected as the objects.Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)(parent version),triaxial accelerometer and supporting ActiLife software were used to investigate all the children.The detection rate of mental health status abnormality,sedentary behavior time and physical activity level were summarized.Pearson/Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between sedentary behavior time and physical activity level,mental health status of preschool children.Results Preschool children in this region had a long sedentary behavior[(26.49±7.58)min/h],and it was mainly concentrated in 12:00-15:59 a day.The overall physical activity level of preschool children in this region was mainly low intensity.Boys had the highest proportion of moderate intensity physical activity,while girls had the highest proportion of low intensity physical activity,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=10.504,P=0.005).The detection rate of abnormal mental health status of preschool children was 50.34%(73/145).Correlation analysis showed that sedentary behavior time was negatively related to physical activity level in preschool children(r=-0.418,P<0.001),and positively related to the mental health status(r=0.341,P<0.001).Conclusions The sedentary behavior time of preschool children is closely related to physical activity level and mental health status.It is suggested to improve the physical activity level of preschool children,shorten the sedentary behavior time so as to promote mental health.