中国艺术精神与知识分子的反专制传统——徐复观对中国艺术精神之阐释

Spirit of Chinese Art and Intellectuals'Anti-dictatorship Tradition——Interpretation to the Spirit of Chinese Art Held by Xu Fuguan

徐复观认为,中国艺术精神的主体是庄子学说中“虚”“静”“明”的“本心”,此“本心”即是艺术的根源,也是道德的根源。中国知识分子的道德水平与艺术水平由此得到关联。徐复观通过分析明代画院内画师的作品,不仅深刻说明中国艺术正是中国知识分子对专制制度进行反抗的表现,还将反抗专制之“刚”的要求与庄学之“柔”的特征紧密结合,从艺术的角度说明庄学正是知识分子反抗专制的思想依据。

Xu Fuguan believes that the spirit of Chinese arts is“Benxin”of“emptiness”“silence”“wisdom”imbedded in Zhuangzi's studies.“Benxin”is the origin of arts,and the root of morality.Therefore,for Chinese intellectuals,the standard of morality and the standard of arts are intertwined.By analyzing the paintings in Ming Dynasty,Xu Fuguan finds that the Chinese art is a means of intellectuals'revolt against the dictatorship in ancient China.He correlates the“hardness”in revolt with the“softness”in Zhuangzi's studies to explain how Zhuangzi's studies provide thought basis to revolt against dictatorship in the field of arts.