德国学校德育中的道德反思能力培养研究——以柏林“道德课”为例

On Reflective Moral Education in German Ethics Course——Ethics Course in Berlin as an Example

面对价值变迁和价值多元化给教育带来的挑战,德国学校德育课程改革以培养学生基于知识的道德判断能力为主要关切,其中以世俗化的道德课为专门德育课程。"道德课"是柏林于2006年开设的一门中学必修课,它以道德知识为基础、以世界观中立的理性反思为主导,培养学生的道德反思能力。该课程可以作为一种基于知识的、能力导向的道德教育的现实样本而得到研究。对该课程的设立背景、教学大纲、课例的考察,能够对我国学校德育课程的发展和改革得出若干启示,尤其是在学习道德知识、培养批判性思维和增强道德论证能力等方面有启发。

Facing the challenge brought by value change and value diversification to education, the moral education curriculum reform in German focuses on cultivating students’ moral judgment based on knowledge, among which the secularized ethics course is the main moral education curriculum. The ethics course in Berlin is a compulsory subject which was set up 2006. It bases on ethical knowledge and is oriented by the rationality which adopts a neutral world view. The ethics course can be studied as an example of a knowledge-based and competence oriented moral education. Through the examination of the development, teaching plan and an example of lesson of the ethics course can be concluded that the ethics course in Berlin has referential meanings for Chinese school moral education which should fulfill the educational goals of fostering character and civic virtue, especially in the aspect of developing moral cognitive competency, critical thinking and ethical argumentation ability.