葡萄牙中医药全面立法的回顾、解读与启示

Comprehensive TCM Legislation in Portugal:Review,Interpretation and Enlightenment

[目的]探究葡萄牙中医药全面立法的过程和内容,并从中获取有益启示。[方法]通过旅葡中医师的切身经历,回顾葡萄牙中医药全面立法的过程;通过翻译和解读葡萄牙2013年以来的中医药葡语立法条文,展示该国关于针刺疗法学士学位教育、植物疗法学士学位教育、中医学士学位教育、中医执业资格等方面的立法内容、特点和要求;参考葡萄牙国内外因素,对葡萄牙中医药获得全面立法的因素进行分析。[结果]从2003年开始到2019年全面完成,葡萄牙的中医药立法共历经17年。该立法内容详尽,涵盖了中医、植物疗法和针刺的本科学位教育及医师执业要求的各个方面。中医药在葡萄牙获得全面立法并纳入本科学历教育实属不易,其全面立法归功于中医药在全球获得普遍认同、坚实的实践成果、广泛的民意基础和葡萄牙中医药同仁的共同努力。[结论]葡萄牙作为欧洲中医发展的一个典型例子,其全面立法影响深远,这不仅是在葡萄牙推广中医药的机遇,也为欧洲其他国家的立法提供了典范,将极大地促进中医药在葡萄牙乃至欧洲的发展。

[Objective]To explore the process and content of comprehensive legislation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in Portugal,so as to obtain beneficial enlightenment.[Methods]The process of comprehensive TCM legislation in Portugal was reviewed through the personal experience of TCM practitioners in Portugal;the contents,characteristics and requirements of the legislation were demonstrated by translating and interpreting the Portuguese legislative articles since 2013 for bachelor education of acupuncture,phytotherapy,TCM and license of TCM practitioners;factors to the comprehensive TCM legislation in Portugal were analyzed by referring to the domestic and oversea elements of Portugal.[Results]The comprehensive TCM legislation in Portugal has lasted for 17 years starting from 2003 to 2019 and it covers various aspects of bachelor education of acupuncture,phytotherapy,TCM and license of TCM practitioners in detail.Comprehensive legislation of TCM including its bachelor's education in Portugal is absolutely tough and it owes to the common recognition of TCM in the world,concrete practice results,extensive public consensus and the joint efforts of Portuguese TCM supporters.[Conclusion]As a typical example in Europe,the comprehensive TCM legislation in Portugal has far-reaching influence and it not only offers a great opportunity for the promotion of TCM in Portugal,but also sets up a paragon for other European countries.It will greatly promote the development of TCM in Portugal and even in European countries.