新技术条件下我国人类遗传资源安全的法律保障研究——兼论我国生物安全立法中应注意的问题

A Study of the Legal Protection of Human Genetic Resource Security under New Technological Conditions: An Interpretation of Related Issues about China’s Biosecurity Legislation

加强人类遗传资源安全的法律保障是保证生物安全的必要选择,也是促进生物技术发展的重要保障。由于不同时期生物科技的发展状况和法治状况存在差异,加之国内外重大人类遗传资源安全和生物技术事件的影响,我国人类遗传资源安全立法呈现出四个阶段动态演进的特点。在新技术条件下,人类遗传资源的采集、存储和处理方式发生了本质的变化,各主体对人类遗传资源信息的控制力不断削弱,而我国现有人类遗传资源安全法律保障薄弱已无法适应新技术时代的要求。因此,在我国今后的生物安全立法中,应当妥善处理安全与发展的关系,着力配套制度建设,注意与相关立法的衔接,共同构建起一个体系更加协调、辐射范围更为广泛,制度、原则、规则更为统一的人类遗传资源安全法律保障体系。

Strengthening the legal protection of human genetic resource security is a necessary choice to ensure biosecurity and also an important guarantee to promote the development of biotechnology. Due to differences in the development of biotechnology and rule of law in different periods, coupled with the impact of major events on human genetic resource security biotechnology at home and abroad, China’s legislation on human genetic resource security presents the characteristics of four-stage dynamic evolution. Under new technological conditions, the collection, storage and processing methods of human genetic resources have undergone essential changes, and the control power of various subjects on human genetic resource information has been continuously weakened. On the contrary, the weak legal protection of human genetic resources in current China can no longer meet the requirements in the new technological era. Therefore, in China’s biosecurity legislation, we shall handle the relationship between security and development properly, focus on the construction of supporting regulations, and pay attention to the cohesion with related legislations to build up a comprehensive human genetic resource security legal protection system with more harmony, wider radiation and stronger unification among systems, principles and rules.